1. US HISTORY
NEW WORLD BEGINNINGS

2. FIRST ARRIVALS
Native Americans

3. Bering Land Bridge
35,000 years ago, a land bridge connected Siberia (Asia) and Alaska (North America)
As glaciers melted, the land bridge got covered by water again

4. What do these pictures tell you about the evolution of Native American societies?

5. Incas—Peru, Aztecs—Mexico, Mayas—Central America

7. Some Native American tribes in what is now the United States…
Iroquois
Anasazi
Navajo
Cherokee
Nez Perce
Potawatomi
Apache
Sioux

8. Other notable native groups
Location of mounds in Illinois: Cahokia
Closest to building a large civilization in North America: Iroquois

9. Native American view of land
Reverence for the natural world
No extensive manipulation of nature
Land is not “owned” by individuals

10. and the age of exploration
EUROPEANS
and the age of exploration

11. Vikings from Scandinavia came to the New World first, but did not establish permanent settlements because no strong nation-state backed them financially

12. Portuguese were other early explorers
Got gold and slaves from Africa
Set up sugar plantations in Madeira and Canary Islands off the coast of Africa

13. What contributed to discovery of the New World…
Crusaders—brought back spices, silk, porcelain and other goods
Spice Islands—source of all these wonderful things Europeans now craved

14. Muslim middle men—charged higher and higher prices for goods as those goods moved westward toward Europe

15. Renaissance
Humanistic revival of classical art, architecture, literature, and learning that started in Italy in the 14th century and spread throughout Europe.
It encouraged people to learn more about the world.

16. New inventions
Caravel—type of boat with triangular sails and a rudder, which helped make steering easier
Compass—magnetic needle let you know in what direction you were headed
Printing press— allowed for knowledge to spread via printed maps and first-hand accounts of other people’s travels

17. People read about Marco Polo’s travels to China and other parts of Asia

18. Rise of nation-states England France Portugal Spain
Competition for new territory, power, glory, wealth

19. TRANSATLANTIC ENCOUNTERS
Columbus and those who followed him

20. Columbian Exchange—some things that arrived in Europe
Tomato
Potato
Turkeys
Tobacco
Chocolate
Corn
Peanuts
Syphilis

21. Columbian Exchange—some things that arrived in America
Cow
Horse
Pig
Chicken
Rice
Coffee
Sugarcane
Smallpox

22. Some positive effects of the Columbian Exchange
Natives got new tools, animals and trade goods; for example—horses could now be used to hunt buffalo on the Great Plains (could also be viewed as a bad thing)
Europeans got lots of great food sources that would help make the population grow

23. Some negative effects of the Columbian Exchange
Some bad things spread, too, such as diseases; about 90% of the Native population got wiped out as a result
Paved the way for conquistadores and the growth of slavery

24. Discoverers and conquistadores….YAHOOO!
Balboa—was the first European to see the Pacific Ocean
Magellan—his men circumnavigated the globe (went around the Earth)

25. And they kept coming….
Ponce de Leon—explored Florida searching for gold (and the Fountain of Youth)

26. And coming…. Coronado—saw the Grand Canyon
De Soto—saw the Mississippi River

27. Some conquered great civilizations
Pizarro—conquered the Incas
Cortez—conquered the Aztecs;
the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan is now Mexico City;
their leader was Montezuma (Moctezuma)

28. First permanent settlers in what is now America
THE SPANISH
First permanent settlers in
what is now America

29. Spanish settlement
Encomienda system gave Indians to Spanish lords in exchange for them trying to Christianize the Indians
Harsh system criticized by Bartolome de las Casas

30. Three G’s of the Conquistadores
GOLD
GOD
GLORY

31. First Spanish-American settlement in North America
St. Augustine in what is now Florida
Established in 1565
Oldest continuous EUROPEAN settlement in North America

32. Characteristics of Spanish settlement
Brought Catholic religion and Spanish language; tried to convert Natives
Set up over 150 missions
Set up encomiendas, haciendas
Universities and major towns (Santa Fe, San Diego, San Antonio, Mexico City, etc.)
Intermarried with natives, creating a mestizo population