1. Analysis of Literature
RHETORICAL DEVICES
Analysis of Literature

2. Rhetorical Devices
Rhetorical Devices: ways of expressing ideas that are unusual.
Writers use rhetorical devices to achieve special effects in a passage.
Authors achieve these effects by the way they arrange their words.
These devices can be found in poetry, stories, essays, speeches, editorials, and advertisements.

3. Alliteration
Alliteration: the repetition of the same consonants in lines of poetry or prose.
Examples: 1. “Droning a drowsy syncopated tune,” - Langston Hughes (repetition of “d” and “o” sounds) “I like to see it lap the miles. / And lick the valleys up.” - Emily Dickinson (repetition of “l” sounds)

4. Analogy Analogy: a comparison between two things or ideas.
Examples: comparing life to a journey, comparing students in a school to the members of a family.

5. Euphemisms
Euphemisms: using mild words to describe something instead of using offensive or sexist words.
Examples: 1. passed away for died 2. perspire for sweat restroom for bathroom 4. sanitation engineer for trash man

6. Hyperbole Hyperbole: exaggeration to create an effect.
Examples: 1. I would rather die than eat Brussels sprouts! 2. I was so surprised you could knock me over with a feather!

7. Metaphor
Metaphor: direct comparison between two unlike things without using the words “like” or “as.”
Examples: 1. The sun was a ball of fire. 2. “Life is but an empty dream!” Longfellow

8. Onomatopoeia Onomatopoeia: words whose sound suggests their meaning.
Examples: 1. splash, buzz, hiss, boom 2. “The moan of doves in immemorial elms; / And murmuring of innumerable bees,” Tennyson

9. Personification
Personification: giving human qualities to something not human.
Examples: 1. “As she sang softly at the evil face of the full moon.” Jean Toomer 2. “The oak trees whispered softly in the night breeze.” John Steinbeck

10. Rhyme Rhyme: occurs when the last words have the same sounds.
Examples: 1. “The old horse thrust his long head out, / And grave with wonder gazed about.” Whittier (out and about rhyme.) 2. “Happy the man who, safe on shore, / Now trims, at home, his evening fire; / Unmov’d, he hears the tempests roar, / That on the tufted groves expire.” “The Hurricane” by Philip Freneau (rhymes are shore/roar and fire/expire)

11. Simile Simile: comparison between two things using “like” or “as.”
Examples: 1. “Sometimes I feel like a motherless child.” African- American Spiritual 2. “My love is like a red, red rose.” Robert Burns 3. Free as a bird.

12. Tips for Understanding Rhetorical Devices
Study the definitions and examples of alliteration, analogy, euphemisms, hyperbole, metaphor, onomatopoeia, personification, rhyme, and simile.

13. Tips for Answering Questions about Structural and Rhetorical Devices
Read the literary selection at least twice.
Try to summarize the selection in your own words.
Decide which answer best describes the structural or rhetorical device you are asked to read.
Choose your answer, and then confirm it by going back to the selection.

14. Reference
Chapter 7, Passing the New Alabama Graduation Examination in Reading, American Book Company