1. Socializing the Individual Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. What makes you the person that you are? Write 10 responses to finish the following sentence: “I am...” Think of a variety of aspects of yourself – physical, emotional, strengths, weaknesses, likes/dislikes, etc.

2. Socializing the Individual Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. What does it mean to be human? What is the source of our “humanness”? –Are we born with these human characteristics –Or, do we develop them through our interactions with others?

3. Socializing the Individual Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. QUICK FIRE Nature v. Nurture: Which do you believe has the most influence on the development of an individual? Explain. Give an example of an influence in your own life of each.

4. Socializing the Individual Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

5. Socializing the Individual Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. A personality is the sum total of behaviors, attitudes, beliefs, and values that are characteristic of an individual. Heredity is the transmission of genetic characteristics from parents to children Instinct is an unchanging biologically inherited behavior Sociobiology searches for the biological basis of all social behavior Nature Nature Versus Nurture Social environment can imprint characteristics on a child Pavlov’s experiments showed that behavior could be taught Most social scientists believe personality arises from a mixture of both nature and nurture Nurture

6. Socializing the Individual Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Socialization SOCIALIZATION - The lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals acquire a self-identity and the physical, mental, and social skills needed for survival in society.

7. Socializing the Individual Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. QUICK FIRE Where are you in the birth order of siblings? First? Middle? Last? Only? Write five words that describe your personality. Choose one of your siblings. Where is he/she in the birth order? Write five words that describe his/her personality.

8. Socializing the Individual Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Heredity Characteristics present at birth include hair type, eye color, and certain aptitudes. Biological needs include hunger and thirst. Culture decides how you will use or satisfy hereditary characteristics. Parental Characteristics Age, level of education, religious orientation, economic status, cultural heritage, and occupation of parents can shape personalities of children. Birth Order Personalities are influenced by brothers and sisters. Early-born siblings have different traits than later-born siblings. The Cultural Environment Each culture has set “model personalities.” Individuals experience a culture in different ways. Factors in Personality Development

9. Socializing the Individual Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

10. Socializing the Individual Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Mirror, Mirror on the Wall Do you ever think about how other people see you?

11. Socializing the Individual Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. QUICK FIRE When you woke up this morning and began to dress, why did you choose the clothes? For yourself or for others? “No one can make you feel inferior without your consent.” - Eleanor Roosevelt –Do you agree or disagree? Explain.

12. Socializing the Individual Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Socialization is the interactive process through which people learn the basic skills, values, beliefs, and behavior patterns of a society. There are many theories of how individuals gain a self, or distinct identity that separates you from other members of society. A “clean slate” onto which anything can be written Believed adults could shape newborns’ personality Absorb the aspects of the culture they are in contact with Locke: The Tabula Rasa The Development of Self Process by which we develop an idea of self based on how we think we appear to others Three-step process Begins in infancy but continues throughout life Cooley: The Looking-Glass Self

13. Socializing the Individual Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Seeing ourselves as others see us is first step Eventually take on, or pretend to take on, the roles of others (role-taking) Significant others are the people who are closest to us: parents, siblings, and others who directly influence our socialization As an individual ages, significant others grow less important Mead: Role-Taking

14. Socializing the Individual Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Generalized-other Occurs when an individual reaches a point in their socialization process that they have integrated the values and norms of a society in principle (not just because they don’t want to get punished)

15. Socializing the Individual Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Battle between the “me” and “I” “me” The part of one’s self formed through socialization “I” The part of one’s self that is responsible for spontaneous, unlearned behavior Example: The “I” wants to blurt out an answer in class as soon as it pops into your head. The “me” (socialized) considers the possible negative consequences (learned through socialization) and holds the “I” back.

16. Socializing the Individual Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Click on the image above to play the Interactive.

17. Socializing the Individual Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Dramaturgy Theory suggested by Erving Goffman States that social interaction is similar to a drama performance Suggests people are an audience, judging each others’ performances, trying to determine each individual’s true character Impression Management Attempt to play the role well and manage the impressions that the audience receives States that much of our time with others is spent trying to manage their impressions Goffman’s theory suggests that an individual’s self can be changed according to audience. The Presentation of Self

18. Socializing the Individual Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

19. Socializing the Individual Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Agents of Socialization The primary agents of socialization in the United States are the family, the peer group, the school, and the mass media. As the principal socializer of young children, the family is the most important agent of socialization in most societies. As children grow older, forces outside the family—such as friends, school, and mass media—increasingly influence them. Resocialization, or the process of learning new values and norms, can be voluntary or involuntary.

20. Socializing the Individual Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. How do fairy tales help to socialize children?

21. Socializing the Individual Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Sociologists use the term agents of socialization to describe the specific individuals, groups, and institutions that enable socialization to take place. Most important agent in most societies Usually first agent Can be intentional or unintentional Reflects the social groups family belongs to The Family Primary Agents Composed of individuals of roughly equal age and similar social characteristics Particularly important during pre-teen and early teen years Socialization focuses on values of the peer group The Peer Group

22. Socializing the Individual Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. The Mass Media Mass media: instruments of communication that reach large audiences without personal contact between those sending and those receiving the information, such as films, television, and radio Television is most common mass media Both positive and negative behaviors and beliefs are learned from television The School Planned activities for the deliberate purpose of teaching skills Extracurricular activities intended to prepare for a life in society Transmit cultural values Unintentional socialization comes from teachers and peer groups

23. Socializing the Individual Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

24. Socializing the Individual Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. QUICK FIRE Throughout your life, you have been resocialized upon entering a new stage of life or an new institution. Identify an example of a time that you experienced resocialization. What norms did you have break away from and what new norms did you have to take on?

25. Socializing the Individual Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Resocialization involves a break with past experiences and the learning of new values and norms. Individuals choose to assume a new status Examples include going to college Voluntary Resocialization Resocialization Often occurs in total institutions, or a setting in which people are isolated from the rest of society Examples include joining the military Involuntary Resocialization

26. Socializing the Individual Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Reverend Jim Jones

27. Socializing the Individual Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Jonestown Guyana, South America

28. Socializing the Individual Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. 900 members of Temple commit suicide on command

29. Socializing the Individual Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

30. Socializing the Individual Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. TOTAL INSTITUTIONS A SETTING IN WHICH PEOPLE ARE: –ISOLATED FROM SOCIETY –CONTROLLED BY STAFF CHARACTERISTICS: –SUPERVISION OF ALL SPHERES OF A PERSON’S LIFE –STANDARDIZED, RIGID SYSTEM UNDERWHICH ALL LIVE –FORMAL RULES AND DAILY SCHEDULES FOR ALL

31. Socializing the Individual Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. QUICK FIRE 2 Identify a total institution (make sure it is an example of a TOTAL institution). –List ways in which the institution resocializes members to the new norms. What is the process by which total institutions make a member give up old norms and take on new norms?

32. Socializing the Individual Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

33. Socializing the Individual Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Functionalist View on Socialization Groups work together to reinforce (socialize) basic norms, beliefs, and values. i.e. the values of our legal system are reinforced by families and schools When not socialized, chaos/fragmentation

34. Socializing the Individual Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Conflict Theory’s View of Socialization Believe people are socialized to maintain status quo (don’t rock the boat!) Higher social classes are able to maintain advantages