1. Take your sheet of paper and hold it landscape style, fold the end toward center to make 2 flaps; crease Cut the left flap in half to the crease—to create 2 doors Draw a line at the top of each flap, approximately 1” Label the top left flap “ NEED”, the lower flap “EFFECT”, and the right flap “HOW” NEED EFFECT HOW

5. Textile Industry and the Factory System

6. Need Flap Textile industry developed as a way to solve the problems of the cottage industry system Wanted to increase productivity and efficiency International markets demanded more cloth than the manual rural workers could keep up with Needed to find a better/faster/more efficient way to produce goods

7. How Flap New inventions sped cloth manufacturing Hargraves (1767) invented a compound spinning wheel able to spin 16 threads at a time –spinning jenny (after his wife) Arkwright (1769) invented the water frame; this machine wound thread through four pairs of rollers operating at varying speeds Marked a turning point in the textile industry Yarn produced on the water frame was much stronger than yarn made on a spinning wheel Water Frame was too large to be used in someone’s home, it required a large building, so began the factory system Could be handled by children, ushering in the age of child labor Crompton (1779) updated and created a machine that was a combination of the two; able to spin strong yarn still then enough to be used for finest fabric – called it a mule since it was a hybrid of the two previous machines Eli Whitney (1793) invented cotton gin, used metal spikes on a revolving cylinder to separate cotton from the seeds

8. Each new machine in the series of inventions built and improved upon earlier machines Thus, one invention was created to solve the problems of an earlier one Each new innovation sparked more innovations The result was that machines became larger, faster and more expensive More were operated by power rather than by hand They tended to be located in factories, which were located near sources of coal, iron and water Workers were forced to leave their homes to work in factories Output increased tremendously Prices of mass-produced textiles lowered drastically Effects