1. Goals of Modern psychology 1-Description: how people think, feel and act in specific situation. Psychologists try to observe the behavior of interest, (collection of data) 2-Explanation: “ why and how” that behavior happened based on the different psychological perspectives. 3-Predication: The ability to say in advance how someone is likely to act. 1

2. Contemporary fields of Specialization 1-Experimental psychology: -Experimental psychologists frequently use animals rather than human as their experimental subjects. studies basic processes e.g. (hearing, perception, learning, and communication ). 2

3. 2-Neuro- psychology: Focus on study how basic processes are controlled by nervous system, also use animals. Examples : * to explain why memory sometimes declines in old age, (breakdown in the network of nerve cells that involves in remembering). * Adults with history of hyperactivity had reduced activity in areas of the brain that control body movement and attention. 3

4. Goals of Modern psychology…cont. 3-Personality psychology: Personality: (relatively stable style of thinking, acting, and responding emotionally of a person). -Concerned individual differences in behavior 4

5. Goals of Modern psychology…cont. 4-Social psychology: factors especially presence of other people, that affect personal response, thinking, motivation and behavior in a given social situation. - Show that behavior that not just the results of personality traits. 5

6. 5-Developmental psychology: - describe and explain the systematic changes that occur in people throughout the life cycle. -How thinking, perception, memory, intelligence, language, problem solving, motivation, and social interaction change as people grow older. 6

7. Goals of Modern psychology…cont. 6-Industrial and Organizational Psychology: -Concerns with all aspects of behavior that relate to the work place. -One aspect: How work can be made more satisfying and more productive. - A major issue facing industrial and organizational psychologists now is findings ways to help working women deal with stress of handling their dual responsibilities at home and at office. 7

8. Goals of Modern psychology…cont. 7-Educational and school psychology: Specialize in analyzing and improving formal education, (concerned with all aspects of educational process) as: factors affect performance in the classroom? How important is motivation? - Using of reward and punishment. - Size of classroom & the way in which students and teachers interact. 8

9. Goals of Modern psychology…cont. 8-Clinical and counseling psychology: *Deals with diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorder. (psychotherapy). *Counseling helps normal people with milder problems of social and emotional adjustment like marriage and family life. 9

10. Goals of Modern psychology…cont. 9-Health psychology: -Deals with the relationship between personality and health. Believe that psychological factors as (stress, hostility, and depression) plays a role in onset and progress of many physical disorders like peptic ulcer, heart diseases. -Try to identify psychological strategies to cope with serious illness. 10

11. Goals of Modern psychology…cont. 10-Environmental psychology: -Focus on the relationship between people and their environment (physical, social), air pollution, noise, overcrowdings, poverty, earthquakes, volcanoes, and tornadoes etc. These environmental conditions play a big role as a risk factors in disturbing human psychological stability and lead to psychological distress. 11

12. Goals of Modern psychology…cont. 11- Peace psychology: Study how war, especially nuclear war, can be avoided. * focus on personality of war leaders, misconception in international conflicts, and negotiations and bargaining among political officials. * How people's fears and anxieties can be transformed into effective political action. 12

13. Goals of Modern psychology…cont. 12- Forensic psychology: Concerned with the application of psychological methods to legal questions and issues. * Assessment of some specific psycho-legal question as if the criminal has an mental illness as psychosis which make him unaccountable for his actions. 13

14. Goals of Modern psychology…cont. 13- Sport psychology: Seeks to understand psychological/mental factors that affect performance. It deals with increasing performance by managing emotions and minimizing the psychological effects of injury. 14