1. HIGH challenges in LOW energy HADRON physics G. Vesztergombi Zimanyi School Budapest, 25 November 2008

2. OUTLINE AA -Landscape -STAR plans pp,pA -Static quarks -High pT below 20 GeV -NA61 -CBM -QGP in pp -Barion versus parton propagation

3. AA

10. pp,pA

11. Science 21 November 2008: Vol. 322. no. 5905, pp. 1224 – 1227 Ab Initio Determination of Light Hadron Masses S. Dürr, 1 Z. Fodor, 1,2,3 J. Frison, 4 C. Hoelbling, 2,3,4 R. Hoffmann, 2 S. D. Katz, 2,3 S. Krieg, 2 T. Kurth, 2 L. Lellouch, 4 T. Lippert, 2,5 K. K. Szabo, 2 G. Vulvert 4 More than 99% of the mass of the visible universe is made up of protons and neutrons. Both particles are much heavier than their quark and gluon constituents, and the Standard Model of particle physics should explain this difference. We present a full ab initio calculation of the masses of protons, neutrons, and other light hadrons, using lattice quantum chromodynamics. Pion masses down to 190 mega–electron volts are used to extrapolate to the physical point, with lattice sizes of approximately four times the inverse pion mass. Three lattice spacings are used for a continuum extrapolation. Our results completely agree with experimental observations and represent a quantitative confirmation of this aspect of the Standard Model with fully controlled uncertainties. Latest in LATTICE QCD

12. All baryonic states listed in PDG can be made of 3 quarks only * classified as octets, decuplets and singlets of flavour SU(3) * Strangeness range from S=0 to S=-3 A baryonic state with S=+1 is explicitely EXOTIC Cannot be made of 3 quarks Minimal quark content should be, hence pentaquark Must belong to higher SU(3) multiplets, e.g anti-decuplet Searches for such states started in 1966, with negative results till autumn 2002 [16 years after 1986 report of PDG !] observation of a S=+1 baryon implies a new large multiplet of baryons (pentaquark is always ocompanied by its large family!) important Searches were for heavy and wide states PENTA ?

13. Motivation for new measurements below = 20 GeV Practically no high or medium P t data between E inc = 24 and 200 GeV Mysterious transition around 80-90 GeV: convex versus concave spectra Energy threshold for Jet-quenching? Emergence of Cronin-effect in pA interactions is completely unknown energy dependence centrality dependence particle type dependence particle correlations Production of Upsilon (9.5 GeV) particles near the threshold.

14. NA49 (CERN) results at 158 FODS (IHEP) at 70 GeV Beier (1978)

15. preliminary  Pb+Pb, 0-12.7% most central p+Pb reference WA98 and NA49 data presented in QM'06 by Gianluca USAI's plenary talk R A+A/p+A CRONIN-effect removed by p+A baseline NEW !!!

16. SPOKESPERSON:Marek GAZDZICKI SPOKESPERSON:Gyoergy VESZTERGOMBI GLIMOS:Zoltan FODOR Beam: Approved: 21-FEB-07 Status:Preparation NA61 Study of Hadron Production in Hadron-Nucleus and Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions at the CERN SPS CERN Greybook 2008 (Technical coordinator)

19. Benchmark NA49 pp at E = 158 GeV 30 events/spill Events Energy > 3 GeV/c > 4 GeV/c > 5 GeV/c 2 10 6 158 100 1 0.01 Estimates with the assumption 10 11 proton/sec 10 9 interaction/sec 1 day=10 14 158 5 10 9 5 10 7 5 10 5 Suppression 10 -1 10 -2 10 -3 1 day=10 14 90 5 10 8 5 10 5 500 20 day=2 10 15 90 10 10 10 7 10 4 20 day=2 10 15 45 10 7 10 0 Suppression 10 -3 10 -6 10 -10 For symmetric nuclei max energy 90/2 assumed CBM Perspectives

20. Special requirements for Y-> e+e- and high pT Extremely high intensity - Pile-up Segmented multi-target - Relaxed vertex precision Straight tracks - High momentum tracks DREAM: 10 9 interactions/sec

21. QGP in pp?

22. Részecskeszám (Van Hove) Átlag pT (Van Hove) Multiplicity

25. Single FIRE-BALL = QGP? AB (AB)*

26. Double FIRE-BALL = Factorization? A B A* B*

29. BARION propagation through the NUCLEUS A A* A** N N* N**

30. HADRON PROPAGATION Npart = 3+1 Ncoll = 3

31. HADRON PROPAGATION Npart/2 = (13+12)/2 =12.5 Ncoll = (36+28)/2 = 32 (Some diffractive binary collisions included)

33. PHENIX 200 GeV Ncoll = 1 Npart = 1 Npart =Ncoll Au-Au d-Au

37. Earlier Cronin-effect at higher energies: 2 -> 1 GeV/c Pizero smaller Cronin-effect.