1. John Locke-Two treatise of government English philosopher  Argued that before there was gov. people lived in a state of nature– level A – People make a social contract with the government– to give up some liberty so that the government protects their rights. Influence is reflected in the D.O.I and US Constitution

2. Magna Carta 1215: Required the King to obey the law and limited his power Protected the English Citizens from the King from being above the law Provided procedures for legal procedures for English citizens Influenced the development of common law and the US Constitution

3. English Bill of Rights 1689: Act of the Parliament of England Required the king to get the consent of the parliament to tax Let people petition the king– tell the king what they didn’t like about the gov. May Flower Compact Drafted by Pilgrims who were aboard the Mayflower seeking religious freedom SOCIAL CONTRACT in which rules had to be followed for survival.

4. Virginia Statue for Religious Freedom Written in 1779 by Thomas Jefferson – Part 1 argues that the concept of a required religion is wrong b/c making people follow a religion they don’t believe is tyranny Influenced 1 st Amendment of US Constitution and the idea of separation of Church and State

5. The Mayflower Compact 1620 First Governing document of Plymouth Colony Drafted by Pilgrims who were aboard the Mayflower seeking religious freedom Signed by 41 men The Compact was based upon a majoritarian model and the settlers’ allegiance to the king- SOCIAL CONTRACT in which rules had to be followed for survival.

6. Constitution a More Perfect Union EQ: How has the Constitution created a more perfect Union through its combination of strength and flexibility

7. Warm-up Please think of a goal you have set for yourself– it could be for school, sports anything. How did you set your goal?

8. Preamble Introduction of Constitution- the Preamble – tells the goals of the Constitution “We the people”-1 st 3 words Power comes from ordinary Americans  concept known a popular sovereignty: idea that government’s authority comes from the people

9. Preamble vocab Domestic– at home (meaning here the United States) Tranquility– peace Insure– make sure Insure– Posterity all future generations Posterity Ordain— order with authority, decree Ordain—

10. Preamble Review What is the introduction to the Constitution called? How did the delegates organize the Constitution so ordinary citizens could understand it? Constitution is considered a living document because it combines what 2 things? What are the 1 st 3 words of the Constitution? Why is September called Constitution month? Define popular sovereignty. Who ruled America before the people?

11. Legislative Branch Makes laws!!!! Est. in Article I of the Constitution Bicameral  2 Houses – House of Reps: rep. based on state population – Senate: 2 senators/state – What compromise created this bicameral legislature? Members of Congress are elected by a direct vote of the people Senate viewed as a representative of the states House viewed as representative of the people Congress has the power to impeach – Impeach means  Accuse a person of a crime to have him or her lose their job

12. Legislative Branch Also responsible for Deciding how to spend money raised by taxes Raising an army/navy Declaring war Paying debts Granting citizenship Establishes federal courts

13. Legislative Branch Power of Impeachment – Congress can remove President or other officials if they commit crimes related to their job – House of Representatives votes to impeach – If H.O.R. votes yes, President goes on trial in front of a jury of Senators – Senate decides if he is guilty and should be removed from office

14. Executive Branch Enforces/Carry out the law!!!! Est. in Article II of the Constitution – Delegates feared one person having too much power – System of Checks and balances President: Leader of the country VP: President of the Senate becomes Pres. If President is unable to serve Cabinet members: Advise President on policy issues

15. Judicial Branch Interprets the law!!! Est. in Article III of the Constitution Supreme Court  highest court of the land – There are lower federal courts, but they were not created in the constitution A court’s authority to decide the constitutionality is called judicial review – Decide arguments about he meanings of laws, how they are applied, and if they break the rules of the constitution

16. How a Bill becomes a Law!! Primary Job of congress is to make laws Any member of the House or Senate can propose a new law called a BILL!!! – Only the House can propose new taxes – 1 st step is bill is assigned to a committee If majority in one house votes in favor of the bill it is sent to the other house for debate If both houses approve the bill it is sent to the President-a bill becomes a law if the President signs it The President can veto (reject) and proposed law Congress can override the veto, which means passing the bill over the President’s objection (requires 2/3 majority in both houses)

17. Checks and Balances between the Branches Framers concerned about one branch having too much power and the balance b/w government and individual freedoms!!! – Reason they created 3 branches System where each branch can limit the powers of the other two is called checks and balances Checks  block actions of another branch – Ex. President veto a law, Congress can override veto by 2/3 vote Balances  allow each branch to have some role in the other 2 branches – Ex. Judges, cabinet members, ambassadors appointed by the President and senate approves the nominations Checks and Balances keep any one branch from being too strong

18. Most important feature of government

19. Constitution Review #1 1.What is a federalist? 2.The intro to the constitution is known as what? 3.What is the 1 st thing that happens to a bill when introduced? 4.A Bill becomes a law when what 2 things happen? 5.What are the 3 branches and each of their functions? 6.How many members of the Senate are there? How many members of the house? Total number in Congress?

20. Amendment Process Framers knew the Constitution would need to be changed over time!!! Jefferson said “the earth belongs to the living and not to the dead” Needed the Constitution to have a lasting framework!! (Flexibility) Article V-Changing the Constitution  changes are called AMENDMENTS Amendments can be proposed 2 ways – Congress can propose an amendment by at least 2/3 vote of each house – National Convention called by Congress at the request of at least 2/3 state legislatures

21. Proposing an Amendment Congress or the State Legislatures may propose an Amendment (national or states) to start the process Proposal  1 st step An amendment must be ratified (approved) 2 ways to ratify – Can be approved by ¾ of state legislatures – Can be approved by special conventions in at least ¾ of states Once an amendment is approved it becomes a part of the constitution

22. Amending the Constitution

23. Amendments so far People have suggested over 10,000 amendments ONLY 27 Amendments have been approved 1 st 10 were added almost immediately after the Constitution was ratified  Bill of Rights – Guarantee specific rights to people 17 others have been added over time – Some changed the way officials were elected – 13 th made slavery illegal – 19 th gave women the rights to vote – 26 th gave 18 year olds the right to vote

24. Federal System Wanted a strong national government while also wanting states to keep significant powers – Created a federal system  power shared b/w nat’l and state govt’s Powers belonging to the national government – Declare war and make treaties – Print and coin money – Regulate commerce (Article I)-regulate interstate commerce US  became a free trade zone Created a common market which allowed goods to move easily, made it possible to create large businesses, created a single Nat'l economy

25. Federal System Powers belonging to the states Constitution does not spell out specific powers of the states  gives states ability to keep powers that are not given to the Nat'l gov’t State makes laws in the areas of life – Schools, marriages, est. local gov’t, licensing, most crimes Constitution outlines responsibilities of states to one another (article V)-Each state must give “full Faith and Credit” – Meaning accepting other states laws and court decisions as legal (ex. A driver’s license in legal in another state) – States also must help each other track down criminals

26. Federal System

27. Shared Powers – Fed. and state gov’t share powers  both can collect taxes, build roads, borrow $, and regulate edu. Constitution only provides a framework for sharing powers  framers could not spell out every situation Law of the Land!!! – Article VI states the Constitution and laws flowing from it are the supreme law of the land!! – State’s constitutions, laws, and judicial decisions must agree w/ the Constitution – Anyone elected to state or federal office must support the Constitution

28. Popular Participation in Gov’t Constitution is based on the will of the people – People expected to take part in their gov’t Majority rule-basic principle of democracy that says laws are passed by a majority vote and elections are decided by a majority of voters Elections  serve the vital function of expressing the will of the people – It is through elections people have a say in what their gov’t does Who are the “people”  Popular participation has evolved – Political Parties were not mentioned in the Constitution – Interest groups: organization that actively promotes view on public issues in order to influence policy