1. 2) Ecosystem service being provided directly to the population: Coral reefs causing waves to break offshore of Honolulu, Oahu, HI (capital and home to over 1 million people). Wave breaking over a healthy coral reef in Tumon Bay Marine Preserve, Guam, Mariana Islands. All Slides by Storlazzi

2. Ecosystem service and threats to them: Large (5 m at 15 s) waves breaking on the fringing coral reef off Pelekane Bay, Big Island of Hawaii, HI, that is being impacted by terrestrial sediment flooding out of a catchment that has undergone poor land-use practices for more than a century. Degradation of ecosystem that can be managed to increase resilience and reduce : Coral reefs off Molokai, HI, degraded by poor land-use practices, resulting in smothering of coral by terrestrial sediment and algal overgrowth.

3. Success of restoration - artificial Reef Balls (big round concrete structures with holes in them used to re-create suitable surfaces for coral recruitment and topographic complexity for reef fish), in conjunction with changes in land-use practices, helping restore what had been a severely degraded coral reef in the Tunku Abdul Rahman National Park off Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, on the island of Borneo.