2. Topic 1Topic 2Topic 3Topic 4Topic 5 10 20 30 40 50

3. Question 1 - 10 1. Convergent – plates are moving towards one another or colliding (compression) – creates mountains 2. Divergent – plates are moving apart (tension) – creates rift zones 3. Transform – plates are sliding horizontally past one another (shearing) – causes earthquakes

4. Answer 1 – 10 What are the types of plate boundaries and the types of events or features that can occur at the boundary?

5. Question 1 - 20 A long under-sea mountain chain that forms along the floor of the major oceans. This is usually where new ocean floor is made due to it being a divergent boundary.

6. Answer 1 – 20 What is the mid-ocean ridge and at what type of boundary does it occur?

7. Question 1 - 30 The change in shape of the land due to pressure being applied. It is NOT always bad because it does not always lead to destructive results

8. Answer 1 – 30 What is deformation?

9. Question 1 - 40 The amount of force per unit area that is placed on a given area or material. Three types are : Tension, shearing, compression When it is applied to rocks, folding and faulting takes place. This means the rocks bend or break.

10. Answer 1 – 40 What is stress, and what does it cause?

11. Question 1 - 50 1. During compression, rocks are pushed together (convergent boundary) and form mountains. 2. During shearing, rock pushes in different horizontal directions (transform boundaries) causing a rock to thrust or tear apart. This causes earthquakes. 3. Tension is stress that occurs when forces act to stretch an object (divergent boundaries). This can cause sea-floor spreading or rift valleys.

12. Answer 1 – 50 What are the three different types of stress that can occur to the Earth?

13. Question 2 - 10 Tectonic plate boundaries.

14. Answer 2 – 10 Where do earthquakes occur?

15. Question 2 - 20 When stress is applied to a material and causes the material to bend.

16. Answer 2 – 20 What is a fold?

17. Question 2 - 30 When stress is applied to a material and causes the material to break. They occur with more stress or faster applied stress while less stress creates folds.

18. Answer 2 – 30 What is a fault?

19. Question 2 - 40 The strength of an earthquake. It is determined by the seismic waves that are detected by a seismograph.

20. Answer 2 – 40 What is the magnitude of an earthquake and how is it determined?

21. Question 2 - 50 The scale used to measure earthquake magnitude (strength).

22. Answer 2 – 50 What is the Richter Scale?

23. Question 3 - 10 Seismic waves – wave of energy that travels through the earth and away from the earthquake’s focus in all different directions. Body Waves (P-waves and S-waves) and Surface waves P-waves are primary waves or the first waves sent out during an earthquake. They are the fastest. **They can travel through solids, liquids, and gases. S-waves are also called shear waves or secondary waves. They can travel ONLY through solids. Surface waves are the seismic waves that do the most damage.

24. Answer 3 – 10 What are the three types of seismic waves?

25. Question 3 - 20 The focus is where the earthquake starts in the earth’s body while the epicenter is directly above the focus on the earth’s crust.

26. Answer 3 – 20 What is the difference between the epicenter and focus of an earthquake?

27. Question 3 - 30 1. Crouch down under a table or something sturdy and cover your head. 2. If outside, lie face down with your head away from buildings, power lines, and trees. 3. If in a car, pull over but remain inside.

28. Answer 3 – 30 What are ways to protect yourself during an earthquake?

29. Question 3 - 40 Seismologists do not know when or where tectonic plates are going to move next.

30. Answer 3 – 40 Why can earthquakes not be predicted by geologist?

31. Question 3 - 50 Mostly along tectonic plate boundaries. Many along the Pacific plate on the ocean floor. Can also occur at hot spots.

32. Answer 3 – 50 Where do volcanoes form?

33. Question 4 - 10 Magma is hot, molten rock that is beneath earth’s surface that is pushed upward due to the pressure and change in density of the rock beneath Earth’s surface.

34. Answer 4 – 10 Why does magma flow up through rock?

35. Question 4 - 20 Geothermal Energy

36. Answer 4 – 20 What is the source of alternative energy at work when ground water is heated by magma?

37. Question 4 - 30 A major earthquake and volcano zone that extends nearly all the way around the edge of the Pacific Ocean.

38. Answer 4 – 30 What is the Ring of Fire?

39. Question 4 - 40 Earthquakes and volcanoes are all due to heat pressure beneath Earth’s surface. They are created when tectonic plates move. They both form new landforms. Energy is associated to both occurring.

40. Answer 4 – 40 What is the relationship between earthquakes and volcanoes?

41. Question 4 - 50 Divergent Boundary- Stress: Tension, Result/Landform: creates rift zones. Transform Boundary- Stress: Shearing, Result/Landform: creates earthquakes. Convergent Boundary- Stress: Compression, Result/Landform: creates mountains, volcanos.

42. Answer 4 – 50 How does plate movement create stress on rock?

43. Question 5 - 10 Seismic Waves

44. Answer 5 – 10 What are the waves of energy from earthquakes that travel through Earth?

45. Question 5 - 20 Many small earthquakes will occur in the area near the volcano.

46. Answer 5 – 20 What can happen when a volcano is about to erupt?

47. Question 5 - 30 Seismic waves travel through Earth’s layers at different speeds depending on the ___________ of the layer.

48. Answer 5 – 30 What is density?

49. Question 5 - 40 Amount of damage it causes OR amount of energy felt by people.

50. Answer 5 – 40 What is how the intensity of an earthquake determined?

51. Question 5 - 50 Hot Spots

52. Answer 5 – 50 What are the volcanoes of Hawaii and other places far from tectonic plate boundaries?