1. Welcome to class of Emerging Markets by Dr. Satyendra Singh University of Winnipeg Canada

2. Characteristics of EM GNI per capita per year < $10,000 High birth rate Undeveloped infra structure Several languages/dialects Close family ties Less women in workforce Cultural issues 2/3 rd of the world is either developing country or emerging markets.

3. Common Traits of Big EM Physically large Significant populations Represent markets for a wide range of products Strong rate/potential of/for growth Undertaken programs of economic reform Major political importance within their regions Regional economic drivers Engender neighbouring markets as they grow

5. Eastern European EM

6. Asian EM

7. Four-Tigers of Asia South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, SingaporeSouth Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore ↑ QOL  deregulating their domestic economies and opening up to global markets Industrialization by assembling products from the U.S., Japan, and other developed countries. –  Learning is important They are now major world competitors.

8. Brazil Japan one of the largest trading partner World’s sixth-largest weapons exporter Steel and agricultural  compete Canada Embraer (Brazilian aircraft manufacturer)  competes with Canada’s Bombardier. Ships cars, trucks, and buses to EM annually Volkswagen produced 3 million VW Beetles. Auto makers invested $3b in Mercosur –200m population –Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Venezuela –5 full member, 5 associate, 2 observer (NZ/Mexico) –Common market

9. India… Improving the investment climate Reforming agriculture, food processing, and small-scale industry Eliminating red tape Instituting better corporate governance

10. India… Privatizing state-owned companies as opposed to merely selling shares in them. Strategic investors can have 51% mgmt control Deregulating telecom sector’s Demolishing monopolies of state-owned companies.

11. India Maintaining the momentum to reform the –petroleum sector –long-distance phone services –housing –real estate –retail sectors to foreign direct investment

12. China… China’s dual economic system –socialism and capitalism  economic boom GNP 8-10%  since 1970 –This growth is possible for the next 10-15 years –If so, China’s GNP > USA This growth depends on China’s ability to –deregulate industry –import modern technology –privatize overstaffed –inefficient state-owned enterprises, and –continue to attract foreign investment

13. China… It has 6 regions  size, diversity, and political organization different (6 regions vs single country). There is no one-growth strategy for China, each region: –is at a different stage economically –its own link to other regions and world –has its own investment patterns –is taxed differently –has substantial autonomy in how it is governed While each region is separate enough to be considered individually, each is linked at the top to the central government in Beijing

14. China’s 6 regions

15. China--Issue Corruption Human rights issues (working conditions…) Foreign exchange rate (controversial) Reform of legal system

16. Research shows that If per capita income/year > $5,000 –people become more brand conscious –forego local brands; seek foreign brands At $10,000 –they join the same income group elsewhere who are exposed to the same global information sources. –they join the “$10,000 Club” of consumers with homogeneous demands who share a common knowledge of products and brands. If >$10,000, they become global consumers