1. Supplementary Figure 1: There was no significant difference among groups of placebo, calcium carbonate, milk mineral and milk drink with regard to age (A), body height (B), body weight (C), and 25 (OH) Vitamin D (D) in the recruited subjects. However, there was substantial difference between initial and post-run-in levels of 25 (OH) Vitamin D (**, p<0.01). Supplementary Figure 2: The MS/MS spectra of four peptides in the “LIFT” mode. A), the spectrum of 1786.5 m/z, which was identified to be a fragment of Transcription Factor Jun-B. B), the spectrum of 3504.7 m/z, which was identified to be a fragment of Collagen Alpha-2(I) Chain Precursor. C), the spectrum of 3359.6 m/z, which was identified to be a fragment of Uncharacterized Family 31 Glucosidase. D), the spectrum of 4281.0 m/z, which was identified to be a fragment of Follistatin-related Protein 3 Precursor.

2. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Age (years) 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Height (m) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 placebo calcium carbonate milk mineral milk Weight (Kg) placebo calcium carbonate milk mineral milk AB CD 0 20 40 60 80 100 25 (OH) VitD (nM) basal run-in **

3. 1786.5:AAVGTGSSYPTTTISYLP 1678.66 109.93 194.99 262.0 0 50 100 150 Intens. [a.u.] 200400600800100012001400160018002000 m/z 3504.7:GASGPAGVRGPNGDAGRPGEPGLMGPR GLPGSPGNIGPA 3461.81 1564.07 274.17 1028.801922.33 215.99 561.97 2815.46 1302.880 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Intens. [a.u.] 5001000150020002500300035004000 m/z AB 4281.0: SCDGVECGPGKACRMLGGRPRCECAPDCS GLPARLQVCGSDGA 4264.09 3423.99 3772.83 2723.73 2472.51 995.25 2130.20 354.09 662.30 1316.36 0 200 400 600 Intens. [a.u.] 500100015002000250030003500400045005000 m/z D 3359.6: YKPPAGRAAAPELSYRVCV GSDVTSIHKMVR 210.74 880.61 343.60 272.64 0 200 400 600 800 Intens. [a.u.] 50010001500200025003000 m/z C