1. 1 Classification Chapter 18

2. 2 Order From Chaos When you need a new pair of shoes, what do you do? You probably walk confidently into a shoe store, past the tens or hundreds of pairs of shoes you don’t want and straight to the kind you do want. How do you find them? Shoes are organized in the store in categories. People organize objects by grouping similar objects together. Section 18-1 Interest Grabber

3. 3 1. Consider the task facing early biologists who attempted to organize living things. How might they have begun? 2. Suppose that you have been given a green plant, stringy brown seaweed, a rabbit, a mushroom, a worm, and a grasshopper. You’ve been asked to organize these things into categories that make sense. How would you do it?

4. 4 I. Finding Order in Diversity A. Why classify organisms? B.Classifying 1. grouping organisms logically - based on characteristics C. Taxonomy 1. field of science where organisms are assigned names

5. 5 D. Scientific Name 1. a name given to a species (in Latin) that is agreed on universally E.Binomial nomenclature 1. each species is assigned a 2 part scientific name (using the genus, and species )

6. 6 Video 1 Click the image to play the video segment. Video 1 Panthera leo?, Part 1

7. 7 F. Linnaeus’ System of Classification Seven Levels of Classification 1. Kingdom 2. Phylum 3. Class 4. Order 5. Family 6. Genus 7. Species (8) Variety

8. 8 Grizzly bearBlack bearGiant panda Red fox Abert squirrel Coral snake Sea star KINGDOM Animalia PHYLUM Chordata CLASS Mammalia ORDER Carnivora FAMILY Ursidae GENUS Ursus SPECIES Ursus arctos Section 18-1 Figure 18-5 Classification of Ursus arctos

9. 9 Video 2 Click the image to play the video segment. Video 2 Panthera leo?, Part 2

10. 10 II. Modern Evolutionary Classification A. Biologists and taxonomists group organisms based on evolutionary descent 1.Phylogeny a. evolutionary relationships among organisms Example: Grizzly bear and a black bear are more related to each other than they are related to a Panda bear

11. 11 B. Cladograms 1. diagram that shows evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms 2. shows shared derived characteristics a. traits that are shared with 1 group and a single ancestor b. Example: Fur in mammals

12. 12 CrustaceansGastropod CrabBarnacleLimpet Molted exoskeleton Segmentation Tiny free-swimming larva

13. 13 C.Similarities in DNA and RNA 1. used to help determine classification and evolutionary relationships 2. the more two species have diverged from one another, the less similar their DNA will be

14. 14 III. Kingdoms and Domains A.Three Domains 1. Bacteria – unicellular, prokaryotic 2. Archaea – unicellular, prokaryotic, live in extreme environments 3. Eukarya – organisms with cell nuclei

15. 15 B. Three Domains and Their Kingdoms 1. Bacteria a. Kingdom Eubacteria 2. Archaea a. Kingdom Archeabacteria 3. Eukarya a. Protista b. Fungi c. Plantae d. Animalia

16. 16 Section 18-3 Concept Map are characterized by such as and differing which place them in which coincides with which place them in which is subdivided into Living Things Kingdom Eubacteria Kingdom Archaebacteria Eukaryotic cells Prokaryotic cells Important characteristics Cell wall structures Domain Eukarya Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Protista Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Animalia