1. Autotrophs vs Heterotrophs ATP Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration
Energy and Life
Autotrophs vs Heterotrophs
ATP
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration

2. Autotrophs vs Heterotrophs ATP Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration
ATP song
Energy and Life
Autotrophs vs Heterotrophs
ATP
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration

3. Autotrophic Organisms
Use light energy to make their own food
Provide ULTIMATE SOURCE OF ENERGY for all living things
All plants, some Protists, some bacteria

4. Heterotrophic Organisms
CANNOT use light energy to make food
Obtain food energy by CONSUMING their food
Animals, fungi, protists

5. Nutrient Recap

6. Homeostasis Internal stability an organism maintains
Two biochemical processes needed for survival
Photosynthesis
Respiration

7. ATP and ADP: Chemical energy for cells
Adenosine TriPhosphate
How many phosphates in ATP?
3; “Tri” means 3!
Main source of cell’s energy
“Fully charged” battery
Energy stored in BONDS btw. phosphates

8. ATP

9. What is ATP?

10. ATP and ADP: Chemical energy for cells
Adenosine DiPhosphate
How many phosphates in ADP?
2; “Di” means 2!
ADP becomes ATP by adding a Phosphate
“Half-charged” battery

11. ATP Cycle
Energy released from ATP when it loses a phosphate (use the battery)
ATP ADP + ENERGY
Energy (FROM BREAKING DOWN GLUCOSE) is used to add a phosphate to make ATP from ADP (charge the battery)
ADP ATP
LOSE A PHOSPHATE
ENERGY + PHOSPHATE

12. Photosynthesis Video

13. Photosynthesis: The basicsPlants Photosynthesis
Using light (photo) to make (synthesis) glucose
Occurs in autotrophs
In which organelle?
Chloroplasts
Pigment:
Substance that has the ability to absorb light waves
What pigment is involved in photosynthesis?
Chlorophyll

14. Photosynthesis: Chlorophyll
Sun emits energy in different wavelengths
The shorter the wavelength, the more energy it has
According to chart, which wavelength is shortest?
VIOLET!
Chlorophyll ABSORBS violet, and REFLECTS green!

15. Plant Pigments

16. Photosynthesis: The Reaction
What reactants are needed for photosynthesis to occur?
Water, CO2, sunlight energy
What are the products of photosynthesis?
Glucose and O2
The Formula:
H2O + CO C6H12O6 + O2
(WATER) + (CARBON DIOXIDE)  (GLUCOSE) + (OXYGEN)
LIGHT ENERGY

17. Heterotrophic Plants

18. Leaf Anatomy

19. ADAPTATIONS FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS
a. Leaves are thin and flat so that they can easily absorb light.
b. Some plants have a waxy coating (cuticle) to protect them from harm or water loss.

20. On the underside of the leaf there are many tiny openings called the stomates. The stomates allow the exchange of
water vapor, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. These openings are controlled by the guard cells.
Exchanges water & gases
Exchanges water & gases

21. Photosynthesis: Guard Cells
Guard cells are located on the bottom of leaves
Guard cells regulate gases and water moving in and out of the leaf
When guard cells are open:
Carbon dioxide can move in freely
Oxygen can move out freely
Water can exit the leaf, without the leaf drying up
During humid conditions
When guard cells are closed:
Photosynthesis rates slow down
Water is kept in the leaf, to prevent water loss
During dry conditions

22. Guard cell and stomata

23. Draw the Guard cells below:

24. Photosynthesis: The Song
Sung to “Brother John”
Carbon Dioxide (Carbon Dioxide)
Add water and light (Add water and light)
Then we photosynthesize (Then we photosynthesize)
Glucose and oxygen (Glucose and oxygen)

25. Respiration Soda Machine

27. Cellular Respiration: The basics
Breaking down glucose to make ATP
Occurs in autotrophs AND heterotrophs (all living things need to make ATP!)
In which organelle?
Mitochondria!
Occurs in different pathways
Depends on presence of Oxygen

28. Cellular Respiration: Aerobic
Occurs in mitochondria in the presence of oxygen
What are the reactants?
Glucose (C6H12O6) and Oxygen (O2)
The process:
Starts with ADP already in cells
Energy released from glucose attaches a phosphate to make ATP!
What are the end products?
36 ATP (energy), CO2, H2O

29. Cell Respiration

30. Cellular Respiration: The Reaction
C6H12O6 + O ATP + CO2 + H2O
(GLUCOSE) + (OXYGEN)  (ENERGY) + (CARBON DIOXIDE) + (WATER)

31. Cellular Respiration: The Song
Sung to “Row, Row, Row Your Boat”
Res-Res-Respiration
Uses Oxygen
To breakdown Glucose to make ATP
And Carbon Dioxide

32. Cellular Respiration: Anaerobic
What if there is a lack of oxygen?
Can you think of times when you aren’t getting enough oxygen?
During exercise!
Occurs in cytoplasm instead of mitochondria
GLUCOSE  2 PYRUVIC ACID  2 LACTIC ACID
Called FERMENTATIONhttps://
Animals = Produce Lactic Acid
Plants = Produce Alcohol
Results in much less energy produced!

33. Animal respiration

34. Fermentation lab MOviehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wL-hEvZuPAU

35. Overview of photosynthesis and respiration
SUN
RADIANT ENERGY
CELL
ACTIVITIES
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
RESPIRATION
GLUCOSE
ATP(ENERGY)

37. COMPARE AND CONTRAST CHART:
Photosynthesis
Respiration (Aerobic)
Purpose
Stores energy
Releases energy
Energy source
Sunlight
Glucose (sugar)
Materials used
CO2 and H2O
C6H12O O2
Materials produced
C6H12O6 and O2
ATP, CO2, and H2O
Time frame
Daylight
24 hours/day
Location
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Importance
To synthesize other molecules and break down glucose to releases energy during respiration
Cells “run” on ATP molecules so organisms can carry on life functions
Formula
CO2 + H2O + light →
C6H12O6 + O2
C6H12O6 + O2 →
ATP + H2O + CO2

38. Follow up Questions Where does aerobic respiration take place?
2. Which type of respiration is most efficient?
3. How many ATP’s are "made" during aerobic respiration?

39. 4. What is cellular respiration?
5. Why is cellular respiration important?
6. Name one difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
7. How does a plant maintain water balance (homeostasis)? Be sure to use the words stomata and guard cell in your answer.

40. Producing usable energy for the cell Support and protection
DNA (genetic information), Ribosome, chloroplast, plant cells, mitochondria
Cell Concept Map
Cells
Animal cells
Nucleus
Producing proteins 1 4 5
Producing usable energy for the cell 2 3
Photo-synthesis 6
Support and protection
include
include
include
function in
functions in
function in
function in
stores

41. Practice Test #4895 Answers
Guard cells B D C A
16) B 17) B 18) C 19) C 20) B 21) B 22) B 23) C 24) D 25) C 26) C 27) Cellular respiration 28) B 29) B
30) Plants; autotrophs; producers; or trees
31) To break (digest) food molecules into small ones so they can be transported (diffused) across a cell membrane -or so that energy can be released
32) Respiration
33) ATP –or- energy