2. Energy and Life Autotrophs vs Heterotrophs ATP Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration ATP song https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_xZuCPI Hvk

3. Autotrophic Organisms- “self-feeder” Use light energy to make their own foodUse light energy to make their own food Provide ULTIMATE SOURCE OF ENERGY for all living thingsProvide ULTIMATE SOURCE OF ENERGY for all living things All plants, some Protists, some bacteria (producers)All plants, some Protists, some bacteria (producers)

4. Heterotrophic Organisms- “other-feeder” CANNOT use light energy to make foodCANNOT use light energy to make food Obtain food energy by CONSUMING their foodObtain food energy by CONSUMING their food Animals, fungi, protists (consumers)Animals, fungi, protists (consumers)

5. Homeostasis Internal stability an organism maintainsInternal stability an organism maintains Two biochemical processes needed for survivalTwo biochemical processes needed for survival PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration

6. Nutrient Recap

7. ATP: The Video Clip

8. ATP and ADP: Chemical energy for cells ATP:ATP: Adenosine TriPhosphateAdenosine TriPhosphate How many phosphates in ATP?How many phosphates in ATP? 3; “Tri” means 3!3; “Tri” means 3! Main source of cell’s energyMain source of cell’s energy “Fully charged” battery“Fully charged” battery Energy stored in BONDS btw. phosphatesEnergy stored in BONDS btw. phosphates 100%

9. ATP and ADP: Chemical energy for cells ADP:ADP: Adenosine DiPhosphateAdenosine DiPhosphate How many phosphates in ADP?How many phosphates in ADP? 2; “Di” means 2!2; “Di” means 2! becomes ATP by adding a Pbecomes ATP by adding a P “Half-charged” battery“Half-charged” battery (ADP) (ATP) Energy

10. ATP Cycle Energy released from ATP when it loses a phosphate (use the battery)Energy released from ATP when it loses a phosphate (use the battery) ATP ADP + ENERGY ATP ADP + ENERGY Energy is used to add a phosphate to make ATP from ADP (charge the battery)Energy is used to add a phosphate to make ATP from ADP (charge the battery) ADP ATPADP ATP ATP PROVIDES ENERGY FOR CELLULAR WORKATP PROVIDES ENERGY FOR CELLULAR WORK LOSE A PHOSPHATE ENERGY + PHOSPHATE Write this down

11. ATP on You Tube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bbtqF9 q_pFwhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bbtqF9 q_pFwhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bbtqF9 q_pFwhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bbtqF9 q_pFw

12. In your journal: (use review book) Define: 1.BIOCHEMICAL PROCESS 2.PHOTOSYNTHESIS 3.CHLOROPLAST 4.GLUCOSE 5.ATP

13. Photosynthesis: The Video Clip

14. Photosynthesis: The basics Using light (photo) to make (synthesis) glucoseUsing light (photo) to make (synthesis) glucose Occurs in autotrophsOccurs in autotrophs In which organelle?In which organelle? ChloroplastsChloroplasts Pigment:Pigment: Substance that has the ability to absorb light wavesSubstance that has the ability to absorb light waves What pigment is involved in photosynthesis?What pigment is involved in photosynthesis? ChlorophyllChlorophyll

15. Photosynthesis: Chlorophyll Sun emits energy in different wavelengthsSun emits energy in different wavelengths The shorter the wavelength, the more energy it hasThe shorter the wavelength, the more energy it has According to chart, which wavelength is shortest?According to chart, which wavelength is shortest? VIOLET!VIOLET! Chlorophyll ABSORBS RED AND BLUE, and REFLECTS green!Chlorophyll ABSORBS RED AND BLUE, and REFLECTS green!

16. Photosynthesis: The Reaction What reactants are needed for photosynthesis to occur?What reactants are needed for photosynthesis to occur? Water, CO 2, sunlight energyWater, CO 2, sunlight energy What are the products of photosynthesis?What are the products of photosynthesis? Glucose and O 2Glucose and O 2 The Formula:The Formula: H 2 O + CO 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 (WATER) + (CARBON DIOXIDE)  (GLUCOSE) + (OXYGEN) LIGHT ENERGY

18. Leaves are the site of photosynthesis – let’s watch http://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/photosynthesis/ Leaves are the site of photosynthesis – let’s watch http://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/photosynthesis/http://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/photosynthesis/

19. ADAPTATIONS FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS a. Leaves are thin and flat so that they can easily absorb light. b. Some plants have a waxy coating (cuticle) to protect them from harm or water loss.

20. On the underside of the leaf there are many tiny openings called the stomates. The stomates allow the exchange of water vapor, oxygen, and carbon dioxide (gas exchange). These openings are controlled by the guard cells.On the underside of the leaf there are many tiny openings called the stomates. The stomates allow the exchange of water vapor, oxygen, and carbon dioxide (gas exchange). These openings are controlled by the guard cells. Allows the plant to maintain water homeostasis and not dehydrate.Allows the plant to maintain water homeostasis and not dehydrate. Exchanges water & gases

21. Photosynthesis: Guard Cells Guard cells are located on the bottom of leavesGuard cells are located on the bottom of leaves Guard cells regulate gases and water moving in and out of the leafGuard cells regulate gases and water moving in and out of the leaf When guard cells are open:When guard cells are open: Carbon dioxide can move in freelyCarbon dioxide can move in freely Oxygen can move out freelyOxygen can move out freely Water can exit the leaf, without the leaf drying upWater can exit the leaf, without the leaf drying up During humid conditionsDuring humid conditions When guard cells are closed:When guard cells are closed: Photosynthesis rates slow downPhotosynthesis rates slow down Water is kept in the leaf, to prevent water lossWater is kept in the leaf, to prevent water loss During dry conditionsDuring dry conditions

22. Draw & label the Guard cells below:

23. Factors Affecting the Rate of Photosynthesis The amounts of CO 2, H 2 O, light, chlorophyll and temperatureThe amounts of CO 2, H 2 O, light, chlorophyll and temperature

24. Review: EQUATION FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + ENERGY C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 CARBON DIOXIDE WATER GLUCOSE OXYGEN

25. In your journal: (use review book) Define: 1.Cellular respiration 2.Respiration 3.Mitochondria 4.Gas exchange

26. ATP/Photosynthesis note quiz 1.What is the energy source for photosynthesis? 2.What are the materials (reactants) used during photosynthesis? 3.What are the materials (products) made during photosynthesis? 4.Photosynthesis takes place in which organelle? 5.When does photosynthesis take place (time frame)? 6.Write the equation for the process of photosynthesis. 7.What molecule is the main source of cellular energy? 8.Where is the energy stored within this molecule? 9.What term is used to describe the internal stability and maintainence of an organism? 10.Organisms that make their own food are called what?

27. Cellular Respiration: The basics Breaking down glucose to make ATPBreaking down glucose to make ATP Occurs in autotrophs AND heterotrophs (all living things need to make ATP!)Occurs in autotrophs AND heterotrophs (all living things need to make ATP!) Occurs 24 hours dayOccurs 24 hours day In which organelles?In which organelles? Mitochondria and the cytoplasm!Mitochondria and the cytoplasm! Occurs in different pathwaysOccurs in different pathways Depends on presence of OxygenDepends on presence of Oxygen LET’S WATCH: http://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/cellularrespiration/ http://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/cellularrespiration/

28. Cellular Respiration: Aerobic Occurs in mitochondria in the presence of oxygenOccurs in mitochondria in the presence of oxygen What are the reactants?What are the reactants? Glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) and Oxygen (O 2 )Glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) and Oxygen (O 2 ) The process:The process: Starts with ADP already in cellsStarts with ADP already in cells Energy released from glucose attaches a phosphate to make ATP!Energy released from glucose attaches a phosphate to make ATP! What are the end products?What are the end products? 36 ATP (energy), CO 2, H 2 O36 ATP (energy), CO 2, H 2 O

29. Cellular Respiration: The Video Clip

30. Cellular Respiration: The Reaction C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 ATP + CO 2 + H 2 O (GLUCOSE) + (OXYGEN)  (ENERGY) + (CARBON DIOXIDE) + (WATER)

31. Cellular Respiration: The 2 nd Video Clip

32. Cellular Respiration: Anaerobic What if there is a lack of oxygen?What if there is a lack of oxygen? Can you think of times when you aren’t getting enough oxygen?Can you think of times when you aren’t getting enough oxygen? During exercise!During exercise! Occurs in cytoplasm instead of mitochondriaOccurs in cytoplasm instead of mitochondria GLUCOSE  2 PYRUVIC ACID  2 LACTIC ACID  2 ATP’sGLUCOSE  2 PYRUVIC ACID  2 LACTIC ACID  2 ATP’s Called FERMENTATIONCalled FERMENTATION Animals = Produce Lactic AcidAnimals = Produce Lactic Acid Plants = Produce AlcoholPlants = Produce Alcohol Results in much less energy produced! ONLY 2 ATPResults in much less energy produced! ONLY 2 ATP

33. Cellular Respiration: The Different Pathways

34. Overview of photosynthesis and respiration PHOTOSYNTHESIS CELLACTIVITIES RESPIRATION SUN RADIANT ENERGY GLUCOSEATP(ENERGY)

36. COMPARE AND CONTRAST CHART: PhotosynthesisRespiration (Aerobic) PurposeStores energyReleases energy Energy sourceSunlightGlucose (sugar) Materials usedCO 2 and H 2 OC 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 Materials producedC 6 H 12 O 6 and O 2 ATP, CO 2, and H 2 O Time frameDaylight24 hours/day LocationChloroplastMitochondria ImportanceTo synthesize other molecules and break down glucose to releases energy Cells “run” on ATP molecules so organisms can carry on life functions Formula CO 2 + H 2 O + light → C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 → ATP + H 2 O + CO 2

37. Follow up Questions 1.Where does aerobic respiration take place? 2. Which type of respiration is most efficient? 3. How many ATP’s are "made" during aerobic respiration?

38. 4. What is cellular respiration? 5. Why is cellular respiration important? 6. Name one difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. 7. How does a plant maintain water balance (homeostasis)? Be sure to use the words stomata and guard cell in your answer.

39. Cell Concept Map Cells Animal cells Nucleus Producing proteins 1 4 5 Producing usable energy for the cell 23 Photo- synthesis 6 Support and protection include function in stores include functions in function in function in DNA (genetic information), Ribosome, chloroplast, plant cells, mitochondria

40. Practice Test #4895 Answers 1)Guard cells 2)B 3)B 4)D 5)C 6)B 7)C 8)D 9)C 10)B 11)A 12)C 13)C 14)A 15)C 16) B 17) B 18) C 19) C 20) B 21) B 22) B 23) C 24) D 25) C 26) C 27) Cellular respiration 28) B 29) B 30) Plants; autotrophs; producers; or trees 31) To break (digest) food molecules into small ones so they can be transported (diffused) across a cell membrane -or- so that energy can be released 32) Respiration 33) ATP –or- energy