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DNA-->RNA-->Protein-->Trait

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Presentation on theme: "DNA-->RNA-->Protein-->Trait"— Presentation transcript:

1 DNA-->RNA-->Protein-->Trait
Protein Synthesis DNA-->RNA-->Protein-->Trait

2 One Gene one Protein Beadle and Tatum Worked with the Mold Neurospora.
Looked at metabolic pathway to synthesize the amino acid Arginine

3 Studies of inherited metabolic disorders first suggested that phenotype is expressed through proteins Studies of the bread mold Neurospora crassa led to the one gene-one polypeptide hypothesis (has a narrator) (no narrator) Figure 10.6B

4 Mutate wild type fungus
*Supply all mutant isolates with complete media *Grow purified mutants with minimal media to find nutritional mutants *Determine what is the nutritional limitation  find mutation

5 There for the gene used to produce an enzyme
that helps cells manufacture Arginine amino acid was mutated in that fungal strain

6 . Beadle and Tatum This may not be totally accurate

7 Central Dogma Overview: http://www. wiley

8 RNA vs DNA Differences between the two nucleotides Sugar
Ribose instead of deoxyribose Nitrogenous bases Uracil instead of Thymine

9 Types of RNA rRNA tRNA M-RNA HnRNA
Ribosomes are made or rRNA and Proteins tRNA Folded into the “t” shape and carry an amino acid on the end M-RNA Single Stranded HnRNA SNRPs

10 rRNA and Proteins

11 tRNA

12 Central Dogma Overview: http://www. wiley

13 Transcription vs Translation
Transcription (DNA to RNA) Copying mRNA from DNA Promotor sequence Some are modified before leaving nucleus (Eukaryotes) Prokaryotes are not modified Translation (RNA to Amino Acid) Initiation Elongation Termination

14 Transcription Sense vs Antisense.
Sense strant is the coding strand and would have the same sequence as the mRNA with U’s replacing T’s. The Antisense strand is the strand that is transcribed. ↓Template strand RNA polymerase Reads DNA template 3’5’, writes mRNA 5’ 3’

15 Transcription Promotor RNA Polymerase Nucleoside Triphosphates
transcription detail: Detailed realistic model simple animation Promotor Site that the RNA polymerase recognizes and binds to begin the process of Transcription RNA Polymerase Enzyme that reads 3’5’ and writes a 5’3’ mRNA Nucleoside Triphosphates The nucleotides that are put in by the polymerases Terminator Sequence that will code for a releasing factor

16 transcription detail: http://bcs. whfreeman
transcription detail: Detailed realistic model simple animation Transcription

17 Processing or not

18 Splicing (Eukaryotes)
Splicing (Eukaryotes)

19 Cap and Tail Summary- eukaryotic control of gene expression
mRNA Processing: The Movie from the “Virtual Cell Animation collection: molecular and Cellular biology Summary- eukaryotic control of gene expression

20 Summary of Translation
Intro overview Summary of Translation Step by step

21 Ribosome Sites

22 Ribosome Sites http://bcs. whfreeman

23 mRNA codes for AA http://bcs. whfreeman
Degenerate Code

24 Translation T-RNA molecules are matched to the proper amino acid by an enzyme. Initiation, elongation, and translocation, and termination Location and Process

25 Ribosome

26 Mutations and Protein Synthesis
Can produce new alleles Must be in the gametes to be passed on Types of Mutations Point Can be harmless because of redundency (Degenerate) of code Chromosomal Duplication Inversion Translocation Deletion

27 Point Mutation and Frame Shift

28 Point Mutation and Sickle Cell http://www. cleanvideosearch

29 Outcome of Sicke Cell

30 Translocation

31 Inversion

32 Deletion

33 Duplication

34

35 Ribosome with tRNA and Amino Acids

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