1. A. Simple leaves located opposite each other on the twig, e.g., maples and tree lilacs. B. Simple leaves located alternately on the twig, e.g., birch, poplars and willows. C. Compound leaves located opposite each other on the twig, e.g., ash and buckeye. D. Compound leaves located alternately on the twig, e.g., locusts and walnut. Leaf Identification based on type and arrangement

2. At the base of a mature leaf you will find a bud, while at the base of a leaflet of a compound leaf, there are no buds. Leaf margins often are helpful in identifying trees. These margins take various shapes Smooth, Entire Finely toothed Doubly toothed, sharp pointed Lobed

3. PNW deciduous trees

4. Vine Maple (Acer circinatum) Habitat: Moist areas, generally an understory tree. –Generally 20’ tall Leaves: simple, opposite Fruit: samara Bark: smooth, greenish tint

5. Rocky Mountain Maple (Acer glabrum) Habitat: Drier, more open sites than vine maple Leaves: simple, opposite –Generally 12’ tall Fruit: samara Bark: smooth, greenish tint

6. Red Alder (Alnus rubra) Habitat: Moist woods, stream banks, disturbed clearings at low elevations. Leaves: simple, alternate Fruit: small, brown woody ‘cones’

7. Sitka Alder (Alnus Sinuata) Habitat: Moist places from lowland to subalpine elevations. –3’-20’ Leaves: simple, alternate Fruits: long cone-like Uses: by native people and for stabilizing disturbed nutrient poor areas

8. Quaking Aspen (Populus tremuloides) Habitat: near streams, rivers, in meadows and in canyon rocks, where it may seem dry but is wet underground. Loves sunlight. Bark: pale green* to white. Smooth Leaves: simple, ‘shiver’ in the wind. White/silver undersides. Flattened petiole. Vegetative propagation* Flower:

10. Black Cottonwood ( populus trichocarpa) Habitat: dry to moist, variety of soils. Bark: dark, furrowed. Leaves: smooth, dark green, pointed.

12. Oregon White Oak

13. Pacific Dogwood (Cornus nuttallii) Habitat: Open to dense mixed forest especially along streams at low elevations Leaves: simple, opposite Fruit: pink red berry (flowers) Uses: some natives used it as a laxative or to induce vomiting

14. Larch/Tamarak (Larix lyallii) Habitat: Subalpine or alpine areas often on north facing slopes Leaves: soft needles Small woody cones Uses: waterproof quality, herbal remedies

15. Bitter Cherry (Prunus emarginata) Habitat: Moist forests and along streams –Up to 50’ Leaves: Slender simple, alternate Fruit: bright red, small berries

16. PNW deciduous bushes

17. Western Serviceberry, Shadbush, Saskatoon, Juneberry (Amelanchier alnifolia) Habitat: Open hillsides to dense forests in well-drained soil from low to middle elevations Leaves: simple, alternate Flower: white ‘leafy’ clusters at tips of branches. Fruit: blue-black and edible!

19. Twinberry Habitat: Moist forest clearings, streamside habitats, swamps and thickets from low to subalpine elevations ~6ft tall Flowers: yellow ‘bell-like’ Fruit: shiny black berries in pairs

21. Indian Plum (Oemleria cerasiformis) Habitat: Stream banks and moist to rather dry woods; low elevations (5’-12’) Leaves: simple, alternate Flowers: small, white, drooping Fruit: blue-black when ripe (orange when not) fleshy, drooping. Edible!

22. Devils Club (Oplopanax horridus) Habitat: Moist woods, especially near streams, seepage sites, and in avalanche tracks; low to middle elevations Sensitive to human impact. *article*

23. Blue elderberry Habitat: Dry to moist, fairly open, low-elevation sites (6’-20’) Leaves: compound, opposite Flower: many tiny, creamy white Fruit: clusters of blue-black small berries, edible! (low-grade toxin when raw that causes nausea in some)

25. Red Eldererry (sambucus racemosa) Habitat: Stream banks, swampy thickets, moist clearings and open forests; sea level to middle elevations (6’-20’) Leaves: compound, opposite Flower: many tiny, white, pyramid Fruit: clusters of bright red Marginally edible.

27. Wild Rose (Rosa) Habitat: Moist to dry woods and shrublands from near sea level to middle elevations (2’-7’) About half a dozen species in the PNW Leaves: compound, alternate Flower: pink Fruit: red-orange ‘hip’ Edible! High in vitamin C, iron, calcium, and phosphorus.

29. Salmonberry Rubus spectabilis Habitat: Moist to wet places from streambanks to wooded areas from low to subalpine elevations (4’-8’) Leaves: compound Flower: deep showy pink, solitary Fruit: red-salmon, raspberry-like, edible!

31. Thimbleberry Rubus parviflorus Habitat: Moist to dry, wooded to open areas from near sea level to subalpine elevations (4’-8’) Leaves: simple, maple-like Flower: white in loose clusters Fruit: red, hemispherical, edible!

33. Smooth sumac Rhus glabra Habitat: Dry slopes and draws in eastern Washington’s shrub-steppe; can be found along forest edges, grasslands, and roadsides Leaves: compound, beautiful in fall Fruit: dense clusters of ‘bobs’ Teas, spice, dye,