1. GLOBAL EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE Part 1: The United States Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

2. YOURCOMMUNITYYOURCOMMUNITY DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS MONITORING HAZARD MAPS INVENTORY VULNERABILITY LOCATION RISK ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE PREPAREDNESS PROTECTION EM RESPONSE RECOSTRUCTION AND RECOVERY EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE

3. PREPAREDNESS AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE ARE ESSENTIAL PILLARS OF GLOBAL EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE

4. NOTE: EVERY TIME AN EARTHQUAKE DISASTER OCCURS, WE HAVE NEW KNOWLEDGE TO ADD TO OUR “BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE” ON PREPAREDNESS AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE

5. WHAT IS EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS? Preparedness is a state of readiness on individual, urban, sub-regional, and national scales that is sufficient to keep the expected and unexpected effects of an earthquake from causing a disaster Preparedness is a state of readiness on individual, urban, sub-regional, and national scales that is sufficient to keep the expected and unexpected effects of an earthquake from causing a disaster

6. WHAT IS EMERGENCY RESPONSE (Emergency Response is All of the scripted and unscripted heroic and historic responses during the “race against time” after a quake to save lives and protect property (Emergency Response is All of the scripted and unscripted heroic and historic responses during the “race against time” after a quake to save lives and protect property

7. NOTE AS CAPABILITY FOR PREPAREDNESS INCREASES, SO DOES PROTECTION OF IMPORTANT BUILDINGS AND CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

8. WHAT IS PROTECTION? (Protection is a legally mandated state of planning and verified robustness, strength, and ductility for important buildings and essential - critical infrastructure to prevent loss of function (Protection is a legally mandated state of planning and verified robustness, strength, and ductility for important buildings and essential - critical infrastructure to prevent loss of function

9. THE GOAL DEMANDS ON COMMUNITY DEMANDS ON COMMUNITY EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE: CAPABILITIES OF COMMUNITY

10. REALITY UNANTICIPATED DEMANDS ON COMMUNITY LACK OF EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS INSUFFICIENT PREPAREDNESS OF COMMUNITY

11. REALITY URGENT DEMANDS ON COMMUNITY LACK OF EMERGENCY RESPONSE CAPABILITY INSUFFICIENT CAPABILITY TO RESPOND TO DEMANDS ON COMMUNITY

12. FOCUS ON PREPAREDNESS

13. KEY ELEMENTS OF PREPAREDNESS 1) KNOW YOUR TECTONIC PLATES AND SEISMICITY 2) KNOW YOUR FAULT ZONES 3) KNOW YOUR POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS 4) KNOW YOUR VULNERABILITIES

14. STATE-OF-THE-ART PREPAREDNESS PLANNING INTEGRATES ALL FOUR FACTORS

15. FACTOR 1: KNOW YOUR TECTONIC PLATES AND SEISMIC ACTIVITY (i.e., SEISMICITY)

16. PACIFIC RING OF FIRE PRONE TO EARTHQUAKES AND TSUNAMIS

17. EARTHQUAKE ACTIVITY

18. STATES WITH THE MOST EATHQUAKE ACTIVITY

19. FACTOR 2: KNOW YOUR FAULT ZONES

20. FAULTS

21. THE USA’S MOST NOTABLE PLATE BOUNDARY FAULT ZONE SAN ANDREAS FAULT 600 MILES LONG SOURCE OF M8 EARTHQUAKES IN 1847 AND 1906 SAN ANDREAS FAULT 600 MILES LONG SOURCE OF M8 EARTHQUAKES IN 1847 AND 1906

22. THE USA’S OTHER NOTABLE PLATE BOUNDARY FAULT ZONE THE JUAN DE FUCA PLATE SUBDUCTING BENEATH WASHINGTON AND OREGON; POTENTIAL FOR M9.0 QUAKE THE JUAN DE FUCA PLATE SUBDUCTING BENEATH WASHINGTON AND OREGON; POTENTIAL FOR M9.0 QUAKE

23. ONE O F THE USA’S TWO NOTABLE INTRA-PLATE FAULT ZONES WASATCH FAULT (UTAH) 250 MILES LONG POTENTIAL SOURCE OF M7.0-7.5 EARTHQUAKES WASATCH FAULT (UTAH) 250 MILES LONG POTENTIAL SOURCE OF M7.0-7.5 EARTHQUAKES

24. ONE O F THE USA’S TWO NOTABLE INTRA-PLATE FAULT ZONES NEW MADRID SEISMIC ZONE SOURCE OF FOUR M8 EARTHQUAKES IN 1811--1812 NEW MADRID SEISMIC ZONE SOURCE OF FOUR M8 EARTHQUAKES IN 1811--1812

25. FACTOR 3: KNOW YOUR POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS

26. NOTE PREPAREADNESS AND EM. RESPONSE INCREASE AS THE CAPABILITY TO ANTICIPATE WHAT WILL HAPPEN INCREASES

27. TO ANTICIPATE THE POTENTIAL DIS- ASTER AGENTS REQUIRES KNOWLEDGE STRONG GROUND SHAKING TSUNAMI WAVE RUNUP LIQUEFACTION LANDSLIDES AFTERSHOCKS

28. STRONG GROUND SHAKING

29. FACTOR 4: KNOW YOUR VULNERABILITIES

30. GROUND SHAKING CAUSES SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC LOSSES

31. EXAMPLES OF THE INTEGRATION PROCESS

32. SAN FRANCISCO: PREPAREDNESS PLANNING HOW LIKELY IS A DAMAGING EARTHQUAKE TO OCCUR? WHERE AND WHEN WILL IT OCCUR? HOW BIG WILL IT BE? HOW STRONG WILL ITS POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS BE? HOW LIKELY IS A DAMAGING EARTHQUAKE TO OCCUR? WHERE AND WHEN WILL IT OCCUR? HOW BIG WILL IT BE? HOW STRONG WILL ITS POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS BE?

33. PREPAREDNESS PLANNING (Continued)? WHAT KINDS OF BUILDINGS ARE AT RISK? WHAT KINDS OF BASIC, ESSENTIAL, AND CRITICAL INFRA- STRUCTURE ARE AT RISK? WHAT ARE THEIR PHYSICAL VUL- NERABILITIES WHAT KINDS OF BUILDINGS ARE AT RISK? WHAT KINDS OF BASIC, ESSENTIAL, AND CRITICAL INFRA- STRUCTURE ARE AT RISK? WHAT ARE THEIR PHYSICAL VUL- NERABILITIES

34. PREPAREDNESS PLANNING (Continued)? WHAT ARE THE SOCIAL VULNERABILITIES WHAT IS THE LIKELY DAMAGE DISTRIBUTION? WHAT ARE THE LIKELY CASUALTIES, SOCIO- ECONOMIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS? WHAT ARE THE SOCIAL VULNERABILITIES WHAT IS THE LIKELY DAMAGE DISTRIBUTION? WHAT ARE THE LIKELY CASUALTIES, SOCIO- ECONOMIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS?

35. ANCHORAGE, AK: PREPAREDNESS PLANNING HOW LIKELY IS A DAMAGING EARTHQUAKE TO OCCUR? WHERE AND WHEN WILL IT OCCUR? HOW BIG WILL IT BE? HOW STRONG WILL ITS POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS BE? HOW LIKELY IS A DAMAGING EARTHQUAKE TO OCCUR? WHERE AND WHEN WILL IT OCCUR? HOW BIG WILL IT BE? HOW STRONG WILL ITS POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS BE?

36. SEATTLE, WA: PREPAREDNESS PLANNING HOW LIKELY IS A DAMAGING EARTHQUAKE TO OCCUR? WHERE AND WHEN WILL IT OCCUR? HOW BIG WILL IT BE? HOW STRONG WILL ITS POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS BE? HOW LIKELY IS A DAMAGING EARTHQUAKE TO OCCUR? WHERE AND WHEN WILL IT OCCUR? HOW BIG WILL IT BE? HOW STRONG WILL ITS POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS BE?

37. LOS ANGELES: PREPAREDNESS PLANNING HOW LIKELY IS A DAMAGING EARTHQUAKE TO OCCUR? WHERE AND WHEN WILL IT OCCUR? HOW BIG WILL IT BE? HOW STRONG WILL ITS POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS BE? HOW LIKELY IS A DAMAGING EARTHQUAKE TO OCCUR? WHERE AND WHEN WILL IT OCCUR? HOW BIG WILL IT BE? HOW STRONG WILL ITS POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS BE?

38. SAN JUAN, PR: PREPAREDNESS PLANNING HOW LIKELY IS A DAMAGING EARTHQUAKE TO OCCUR? WHERE AND WHEN WILL IT OCCUR? HOW BIG WILL IT BE? HOW STRONG WILL ITS POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS BE? HOW LIKELY IS A DAMAGING EARTHQUAKE TO OCCUR? WHERE AND WHEN WILL IT OCCUR? HOW BIG WILL IT BE? HOW STRONG WILL ITS POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS BE?

39. ALASKA, WASHINGTON, OREGON, CALIF., PUERTO RICO HOW BIG WILL THE TSUNAMI WAVE RUN UP BE?

40. SALT LAKE CITY: PREPAREDNESS PLANNING HOW LIKELY IS A DAMAGING EARTHQUAKE TO OCCUR? WHERE AND WHEN WILL IT OCCUR? HOW BIG WILL IT BE? HOW STRONG WILL ITS POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS BE? HOW LIKELY IS A DAMAGING EARTHQUAKE TO OCCUR? WHERE AND WHEN WILL IT OCCUR? HOW BIG WILL IT BE? HOW STRONG WILL ITS POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS BE?

41. MEMPHIS,TN: PREPAREDNESS PLANNING HOW LIKELY IS A DAMAGING EARTHQUAKE TO OCCUR? WHERE AND WHEN WILL IT OCCUR? HOW BIG WILL IT BE? HOW STRONG WILL ITS POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS BE? HOW LIKELY IS A DAMAGING EARTHQUAKE TO OCCUR? WHERE AND WHEN WILL IT OCCUR? HOW BIG WILL IT BE? HOW STRONG WILL ITS POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS BE?

42. FOCUS ON EMERGENCY RESPONSE

43. NOTE: EM. RESPONSE IS HIGHLY POLITICAL, SO COMMUNITY LEADERS MUST BE PREPARED FOR ONGOING MULTI- MEDIA COMMUNICATIONS WITH NUMEROUS PUBLICS

44. TYPICAL SITUATIONS IN EMERGENCY. RESPONSE DAMAGE; DEBRIS COLLAPSE TRAPPED SURVIVORS SEARCH AND RESCUE CLOCK FIRE INUNDATION EVACUATION CENTERS EM. MEDICAL MASS CARE HAZ MAT RELEASE INJURIES DEATHS

45. KEY ELEMENTS OF EMERGENCY RESPONSE HISTORIC RESPONSES: The professional and non-professional responders will be making history for at least forty-eight hours (a “place holder” for the intense period of search and rescue operations) and thirty days (a “place holder” for the intense time of the “no room for error” decisions) that must be made.

46. KEY ELEMENTS OF EMERGENCY RESPONSE HEROIC RESPONSES: The professional and non-professional responders will be working at the margins of their capability for at least twenty-four hours and twenty-one days.

47. EXAMPLES OF HISTORIC EMERGENCY RESPONSE SITUATIONS Part 2: The Wise Learn From All Their Earthquake Disasters

48. EXAMPLE: DAMAGE TO SCHOOL ALASKA (1964): Timely search and rescue during a forty-eight hour “race against time” to save lives and protect property

49. EXAMPLE: DAMAGE FROM TSUNAMI WAVE RUN UP ALASKA (1964): Timely responses during a thirty day “race against time” to save lives and protect property ALASKA (1964): Timely responses during a thirty day “race against time” to save lives and protect property

50. EXAMPLE: LOSS OF FUNCTION OF ELEVATED HIGHWAY; DEATHS LOMA PRIETO, CA (1989): Timely responses during a forty-eight hour and thirty day “race against time” to save lives and protect property LOMA PRIETO, CA (1989): Timely responses during a forty-eight hour and thirty day “race against time” to save lives and protect property

51. EXAMPLE: LOSS OF FUNCTION AND COMMUTING CAPABILITY LOMA PRIETA, CA EARTHQUAKE (1989): Timely responses during a thirty day “race against time” to save lives and protect property LOMA PRIETA, CA EARTHQUAKE (1989): Timely responses during a thirty day “race against time” to save lives and protect property

52. EXAMPLE: LOSS OF FUNCTION NORTHRIDGE, CA (1994): Timely responses during a thirty day “race against time” to save lives and protect property NORTHRIDGE, CA (1994): Timely responses during a thirty day “race against time” to save lives and protect property

53. EXAMPLE: HAZ-MAT RELEASE AND FIRE ALASKA (1964): Timely responses during a thirty day “race against time” to save lives and protect property

54. EXAMPLES OF HISTORIC EMERGENCY RESPONSE SITUATIONS Part 2: The Wise ALSO Learn From All Global Earthquake Disasters

55. EXAMPLE: 240,000 DEAD TANGSHAN, CHINA (1976) EARTHQUAKE: The impossible situation; too late for a race against time” to save lives and protect property.

56. EXAMPLE: 230,000 DEAD IN TSUNAMI INDONESIA (2004): The impossible situation; too late for a race against time” to save lives and protect property.

57. EXAMPLE: 88,000 DEAD; 50 MILLION BUILDINGS DAMAGED CHINA (2008): The impossible situation; too late for a race against time” to save lives and protect property. CHINA (2008): The impossible situation; too late for a race against time” to save lives and protect property.

58. EXAMPLE: 30,000 DEAD JAPAN (2011): The impossible situation; too late for a race against time” to save lives and protect property. JAPAN (2011): The impossible situation; too late for a race against time” to save lives and protect property.

59. CONCLUSION EVERY TIME AN EARTHQUAKE DISASTER OCCURS, WE HAVE NEW KNOWLEDGE TO ADD TO OUR “BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE” FOR THE NEXT STEPS: POST-DISASTER RECOVERY

60. THE NEXT STEPS : RECONSTRUCTION AND RECOVERY