1. Unit 7 Seminar - Thought Patterns: Cause/Effect, Generalization/Example, Definition ~Dr. Lavine

2. Key Concepts Understanding the structure of cause and effect relationships is essential in our everyday lives Understanding the structure of cause and effect relationships is essential in our everyday lives The definition pattern is used to introduce vocabulary or explain a topic The definition pattern is used to introduce vocabulary or explain a topic

3. Unit Outcomes Identify Cause/Effect, Generalization/Example, and Definition Patterns Identify Cause/Effect, Generalization/Example, and Definition Patterns Apply graphic organizers to a reading passage to identify the main idea and supporting details Apply graphic organizers to a reading passage to identify the main idea and supporting details

4. To-Do List Respond to Discussion Board Question 30 points Respond to Discussion Board Question 30 points Attend synchronous seminar or submit seminar option 2 assignment 5 points Attend synchronous seminar or submit seminar option 2 assignment 5 points Take Diagnostic Skills Test 50 points Take Diagnostic Skills Test 50 points

5. Reading Reading 1 Reading 1 Read pages 306–324 in Chapter 7 of your text, The Effective Reader. Read pages 306–324 in Chapter 7 of your text, The Effective Reader. Reading 2 Reading 2 Learning about the Cause and Effect Thought Pattern Learning about the Cause and Effect Thought Pattern

6. Discussion Unit 7 1. Provide your cause and effect sentences. Feel free to create a chain of effects. 2. If your cause/effect was positive, how could it have been negative? If your cause/effect was negative, how could it have been positive? Last names beginning with: A, B, C, D, E Cause: It was 102 degrees outside. Effect:_______________________ Last names beginning with: F, G, H, I, J, Cause: I packed a delicious lunch for work. Effect:_______________________ Last names beginning with: F, G, H, I, J, Cause: I packed a delicious lunch for work. Effect:_______________________

7. Discussion Last names beginning with: K, L, M, N, O Cause: I woke up two hours early this morning. Effect:_______________________ Last names beginning with: K, L, M, N, O Cause: I woke up two hours early this morning. Effect:_______________________ Last names beginning with: P, Q, R, S, T Cause:______________________ Effect: I was sick all weekend long. Last names beginning with: P, Q, R, S, T Cause:______________________ Effect: I was sick all weekend long. Last names beginning with: U, V, W, X, Y, Z Cause:______________________ Effect: I got fired from work. Last names beginning with: U, V, W, X, Y, Z Cause:______________________ Effect: I got fired from work.

8. Cause-and-Effect A cause states why something happens. A cause states why something happens. An effect states a result or outcome. An effect states a result or outcome. “Because Selena memorized the algebra formulas and practiced using them, she did well on the test.” “Because Selena memorized the algebra formulas and practiced using them, she did well on the test.” “Due to the amount of snow on the streets and highways, schools and businesses have shut down.” “Due to the amount of snow on the streets and highways, schools and businesses have shut down.”

9. Cause-and-Effect Words Because Because Consequently Consequently Accordingly Accordingly Because of Because of Leads to Leads to Results in Results in As a result As a result Due to Due to If-then If-then Since Since So So Therefore Therefore Thus Thus

10. Some Verbs Frequently Used in Cause/Effect Affect Affect Begin Begin Bring about Bring about Cause Cause Change Change Create Create Foster Foster Generate Generate

11. Tips for Taking Notes on Cause/Effect Notes should include: 1. The general cause and effect relationship described by the topic sentence. 2. The specific causes and/or effects mentioned in the paragraph.

12. Cause/Effect Chart Cause Effect

13. Read this Passage… There are at least two different reasons why people decide to join groups. In some cases, the group offers a chance to fulfill civic or religious obligations we consider valuable. Thus, a person concerned about the plight of the homeless may decide to participate in a local soup kitchen. Then, too, we may also join a group because we care more about the group’s member than their goals. For example, someone may join a bowling group to socialize with friend rather than to win a bowling tournament.

14. What is the Main Idea? Cause Effect

15. Main Idea (cause): People join groups for two reasons. People join groups. Group provide people with fulfillment. Groups include people we like.

16. Please Read…. The causes for the dinosaurs’ extinction remain one of science’s great mysteries. Only one theory seems truly sound. According to this theory, dinosaurs became extinct because a comet or asteroid crashed into Earth, producing huge quantities of dust, which blocked out sunlight for many months. This killed vegetation and caused temperatures to drop sharply. Dinosaurs were then subject to two forces of destruction – freezing and starvation.

17. Cause/Effect Chart Cause Effect

18. Main Idea: One theory as to why dinos are extinct seems to be very sound. Dinosaurs are extinct from an asteroid Falling to earth, Comet hit earth Dinos starved Dust blanket - No light More people in more cities could read.

19. Generalization-and-Example Pattern In this pattern, the author makes a general statement and then offers an example or a series of examples to clarify the generalization. In this pattern, the author makes a general statement and then offers an example or a series of examples to clarify the generalization. “As technology evolves, it saves time; for example, broadband Internet access cuts down on the time needed to access information on the World Wide Web.” “As technology evolves, it saves time; for example, broadband Internet access cuts down on the time needed to access information on the World Wide Web.”

20. Words that Introduce Examples an illustration an illustration for example for example for instance for instance including including once once such as such as to illustrate to illustrate typically typically

21. Definition Pattern in Textbooks Often a textbook will define new words and special terms and then give examples. Often a textbook will define new words and special terms and then give examples. The pattern is often: The pattern is often: Term and Definition Term and Definition Example Example

22. Definition Pattern Definition signal words: Definition signal words: Is Is Are Are Means Means “Emblems are body gestures that directly translate into words or phrases.” Example signal words: Example signal words: For example Such as “For example, a person may give up a high- paying job in the city to take a lower-paying job in a small town.”

23. Which pattern is it? “When stock prices fully reflect information that is available to investors, the stock market is efficient; in contrast, when the stock prices do not reflect all information, the stock market is inefficient.” “When stock prices fully reflect information that is available to investors, the stock market is efficient; in contrast, when the stock prices do not reflect all information, the stock market is inefficient.”__cause-and-effect __comparison-and-contrast __comparison-and-contrast __definition-and-example __definition-and-example

24. Which pattern is it? “When stock prices fully reflect information that is available to investors, the stock market is efficient; in contrast, when the stock prices do not reflect all information, the stock market is inefficient.” “When stock prices fully reflect information that is available to investors, the stock market is efficient; in contrast, when the stock prices do not reflect all information, the stock market is inefficient.”__cause-and-effect X comparison-and-contrast X comparison-and-contrast __definition-and-example __definition-and-example

25. Let’s Write Let’s Write 1. I will choose a line to begin a story! 2. I will ask students, in order of the seminar roster, to write a sentence that demonstrates an effect to follow this story starter. We will subsequently go back and forth with the story between cause and effect. Be sure to pause upon my cue to discuss the cause and effect relationship.

26. Let’s Write Let’s Write Madison went to the turkey farm. Madison went to the turkey farm.