1. ADJUNCT PROFESSOR: PATRICIA SUTTON SEMINAR BEGINS AT 10 PM PSUTTON@KAPLAN.EDU INFORMATION BASED ON KAPLAN COURSE MATERIALS KU 120 Unit 7 Seminar 1

2. AGENDA TO – DO LIST Cause & Effect Pattern Definition Pattern Generalizations Questions 2

3. TO – DO LIST Respond to Discussion Board Question 40 points Attend synchronous seminar or submit seminar option 2 assignment 5 points Take Patterns of Organization's Test 50 points 3

4. KEY TERMS Cause- Why something happens Cause and effect graphic organizer- A graphic organizer that includes the cause and then the effects. Cause and effect thought pattern- In this pattern, information is organized by including an action and what caused it. Definition thought pattern- In this pattern, a concept or word is introduced and then it is explained in further detail. 4

5. KEY TERMS CONT. Effect- The result or outcome. Generalization and Example thought pattern- In this pattern, a general statement is made, and it is followed by an example or series of examples to explain the generalization. Spider web- This graphic organizer that allows the reader to organize information about a single concept in the center circle. Examples, definitions, supporting details are provided in the smaller outer circles that surround the center circle. 5

6. CAUSE AND EFFECT The Cause and Effect Pattern of Organization shows an occurrence or event and explains what causes it. The cause and effect pattern might also have a solution illustrated after discussing the cause and its effect. The order may vary. The effect may be introduced first and then its cause. 6

7. Examples of Cause and Effect Sentences 1. The girl kicked the soccer ball; the team scored a goal. 2. Joey did not study; he failed the test. Use this site to practice pairing cause with effect. http://www.quia.com/mc/94601.html 7

8. Cause & Effect Paragraph Millions of dollars in damage to Nashville, Tennessee is the result of heavy rains and the overflowing Cumberland River. As the days pass the water will recede, leaving in its path washed out roadways, ruined homes, destroyed businesses and broken lives. The impact of this devastation is grueling and reaches at least 52 Tennessee counties. The President has declared Middle Tennessee a disaster area; as a consequence, there will be federal funds available to help citizens and business owners to re- build their lives. 8

9. Transitions that signal cause and effect: As a result As a side effect Consequently Due to For this reason Hence In the aftermath of In consequence In response to Thanks to Therefore Thus 9

10. Verbs Used to Link Cause and Effect Affect Begin Bring about Cause Change Contribute Create Decrease Encourage End Generate Increase Introduce Lead to Produce Result Revolutionize Set off Start Stimulate 10

11. Notes on Cause and Effect Should Include: 1. The general cause and effect relationship described by the topic sentence. 2. The specific causes and/or effects mentioned in the paragraph. 11

12. Generalization & Example Pattern In the Generalization and Example Thought Pattern, a general statement is made. The author then provides one or more examples to clarify the general statement. 12

13. Generalization – Example Pattern Statement of a General Idea Example Alisha’s hard work and dedication have allowed her to earn degrees in several majors, for example, education, law, and business. 13

14. Generalization- Example cont. With all the flood damage and destruction, thousands of people are in need of shelter; for example, residents of many apartments were flooded and are homeless and even nursing homes were damaged leaving those residents without shelter. 14

15. Generalization cont. Some transition words that you might see when reading passages that follow the Generalization and Example Thought Pattern: For example For instance Such as See additional transition words and phrases in the text on p. 313. 15

16. The Definition Pattern The definition pattern is used to introduce vocabulary or explain a topic. First the vocabulary or topic is introduced and explained. Then the description of the vocabulary or topic will follow, and, finally, examples are included as to how this concept will work. Often, in a text, important terms or phrases will be emphasized in the reading with bold font, italics, or even underlining so that the reader does not miss the importance of the information. 16

17. Definition pattern The definition thought pattern is a pattern in which a concept or word is introduced and then it is explained in further detail. (Kaplan key words) Scrap booking is a term that refers to the hobby of collecting and displaying photos and memorabilia in a creative manner. 17

18. Definition Pattern Cont. Key words that indicate a reading is a definition pattern of organization are as follows: means is defined as is explained as key word term concept in reference to 18

19. Which pattern of organization? Cause & Effect Generalization- Example Definition An article on declining test scores in U.S. schools. An explanation of techniques for tiling a floor. A brochure on best vacation spots in Florida. A weather forecast A book on how to grow tomatoes. 19

20. 20 QUESTIONS?