1. Alexandru Dancu 1 Velko Vechev 1 Ayca Unluer 2,1 1 Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden Morten Fjeld 1 Gesture Bike: Examining Projection Surfaces and Turn Signal Systems for Urban Cycling ITS '15: Proceedings of the International Conference on Interactive Tabletops and Surfaces ACM, 15-18th November 2015, Copenhagen, Denmark 2 Yildiz Technical University Turkey Simon Nilson 1 Oscar Nygren 1 Simon Eliasson 1 Jean-Elie Barjonet 1 Joe Marshall 3 3 University of Nottingham, United Kingdom / 39 1

3. youtube.com/watch?v=AoWi10YVmfE [Bloomberg, 2010] 3 World Bicycle Production Efficient, sustainable transportation Bike VS. Car Production introduction Gesture Bike: Examining Projection Surfaces and Turn Signal Systems for Urban Cycling @ ITS’15 3

4. youtube.com/watch?v=pKL4PJICS40 4 Navdy HUD Jaguar HUD youtube.com/watch?v=FeK9IkSD_nI Gesture Bike: Examining Projection Surfaces and Turn Signal Systems for Urban Cycling @ ITS’15 related work Automotive Head-up Displays

5. Blaze Light in front 5 [blaze.cc, 2014] XFIRE Light lanes to the sides Zackees Turn Signal Cycling Gloves [thexfire.com, 2012][zackees.com, 2014] Gesture Bike: Examining Projection Surfaces and Turn Signal Systems for Urban Cycling @ ITS’15 related work Bike Signaling Systems

6. Tacticyle: Exploratory Bicycle Trips Bicycle navigation system on mobile phone Minimal navigation cues 6 [Pielot et. al, 2011] [Rowland, et al. 2009] Rider Spoke Location-based artistic experience Using audio cues and map navigation Gesture Bike: Examining Projection Surfaces and Turn Signal Systems for Urban Cycling @ ITS’15 related work Phones on Handlebars

7. 7 CHI’14ITS’15PerDis’15mobileHCI’15 Gesture Bike: Examining Projection Surfaces and Turn Signal Systems for Urban Cycling @ ITS’15 own related work Mobile Projected Displays

8. http://triathlon.competitor.com/2013/06/training/cycling-hand-signals_78701 8 Gesture Bike: Examining Projection Surfaces and Turn Signal Systems for Urban Cycling @ ITS’15 Bicycle gestures...

9. [Gibson and Crooks, 1938] Gesture Bike: Examining Projection Surfaces and Turn Signal Systems for Urban Cycling @ ITS’15 Gibson’s driving perception theory... 9

10. 10 Gesture Bike: Examining Projection Surfaces and Turn Signal Systems for Urban Cycling @ ITS’15 10 contents

11. 11 Gesture Bike: Examining Projection Surfaces and Turn Signal Systems for Urban Cycling @ ITS’15 11

12. 12 Gesture Bike: Examining Projection Surfaces and Turn Signal Systems for Urban Cycling @ ITS’15 12

13. youtube.com/watch?v=AoWi10YVmfE 13 Gesture Bike: Examining Projection Surfaces and Turn Signal Systems for Urban Cycling @ ITS’15 13

14. 14 Participants N=12, average age 28 (s.d. 7.9) within subjects 14 Gesture Bike: Examining Projection Surfaces and Turn Signal Systems for Urban Cycling @ ITS’15

15. This slide says how the experiment was conducted within groups, 12 participants navigating 2 routes on with each device - shall we put the routes image here? (the two maps that u drew?)... the following questionnaires were collected, this needs to be listed so that they anticipate the next slides, otherwise it is too sudden with NASA TLX slide - where did this come from? NASA TLX SYSTEM USABILITY SCALE COMPARE USABILITY 15 Gesture Bike: Examining Projection Surfaces and Turn Signal Systems for Urban Cycling @ ITS’15 Participants N=12, average age 28 (s.d. 7.9) within subjects 15

16. 16 Experiment 1 Video Gesture Bike: Examining Projection Surfaces and Turn Signal Systems for Urban Cycling @ ITS’15 https://youtu.be/kzCl3MNZkqw

17. 17 Gesture Bike: Examining Projection Surfaces and Turn Signal Systems for Urban Cycling @ ITS’15 Participants N=12, average age 28 (s.d. 7.9) within subjects 17

18. 18 Gesture Bike: Examining Projection Surfaces and Turn Signal Systems for Urban Cycling @ ITS’15 Participants N=12, average age 28 (s.d. 7.9) within subjects only performance was significant (p <0.04) 18

19. 19 Gesture Bike: Examining Projection Surfaces and Turn Signal Systems for Urban Cycling @ ITS’15 Participants N=12, average age 28 (s.d. 7.9) within subjects Likert scale 1 to 5 HUD 68.3 (s.d. 7.8) and for the projector was 69.5 (s.d. 7.6) 19

20. 20 Gesture Bike: Examining Projection Surfaces and Turn Signal Systems for Urban Cycling @ ITS’15 Participants N=12, average age 28 (s.d. 7.9) within subjects 20

21. 21 Gesture Bike: Examining Projection Surfaces and Turn Signal Systems for Urban Cycling @ ITS’15 21

22. 22 Gesture Bike: Examining Projection Surfaces and Turn Signal Systems for Urban Cycling @ ITS’15 22

23. 23 Experiment 2 Video Gesture Bike: Examining Projection Surfaces and Turn Signal Systems for Urban Cycling @ ITS’15 https://youtu.be/kzCl3MNZkqw

24. 24 Gesture Bike: Examining Projection Surfaces and Turn Signal Systems for Urban Cycling @ ITS’15 Participants N=8 average age 28.7 (s.d. 3.0) within subjects only performance was significant 24

25. 25 Gesture Bike: Examining Projection Surfaces and Turn Signal Systems for Urban Cycling @ ITS’15 Participants N=8, average age 28.7 (s.d. 3.0) within subjects Gestures 73.7 (s.d. 6.4) and for the Signal Pod was 67.8 (s.d. 6.1) 25

26. 26 Gesture Bike: Examining Projection Surfaces and Turn Signal Systems for Urban Cycling @ ITS’15 Participants N=8, average age 28.7 (s.d. 3.0) within subjects

27. 27 Gesture Bike: Examining Projection Surfaces and Turn Signal Systems for Urban Cycling @ ITS’15 Turn Signalling

28. 28 Experiment 2B Video Gesture Bike: Examining Projection Surfaces and Turn Signal Systems for Urban Cycling @ ITS’15 https://youtu.be/kzCl3MNZkqw

29. 29 Online Survey, Situation Awareness Mission Awareness Rating Scale (MARS) Gesture Bike: Examining Projection Surfaces and Turn Signal Systems for Urban Cycling @ ITS’15 Participants N=40, avg. age 32.8, (s.d 9.8) from Europe and North America. Online Survey 4-point scale very easy, fairly easy, somewhat difficult, very difficult

30. 30 Gesture Bike: Examining Projection Surfaces and Turn Signal Systems for Urban Cycling @ ITS’15 Online Survey, Situation Awareness Mission Awareness Rating Scale (MARS) Participants N=40, avg. age 32.8, (s.d 9.8) from Europe and North America. Online Survey 4-point scale very easy, fairly easy, somewhat difficult, very difficult

31. 31 Gesture Bike: Examining Projection Surfaces and Turn Signal Systems for Urban Cycling @ ITS’15 Participants N=40, avg. age 32.8, (s.d 9.8) from Europe and North America.

32. Participant Comments ● “It’s good to have the map on all the time, but I want to know when to look at it.” ● “This kind of system may be useful in teaching people to use gestures when biking” ● Multiple participants noted that traffic noise reduced the effectiveness of button beeps as a feedback system. ● “You don’t have to do anything special, it comes naturally and it augments the reality.” 32 Gesture Bike: Examining Projection Surfaces and Turn Signal Systems for Urban Cycling @ ITS’15

33. 33 Gesture Bike: Examining Projection Surfaces and Turn Signal Systems for Urban Cycling @ ITS’15 conclusion Smart Flashlight [2014] Projection vs. Mobile Phone

34. 34 Gesture Bike: Examining Projection Surfaces and Turn Signal Systems for Urban Cycling @ ITS’15 Gesture Bike [2015] Projection vs. Head-up Display conclusion

35. 35 Gesture Bike: Examining Projection Surfaces and Turn Signal Systems for Urban Cycling @ ITS’15 conclusion

36. 36 Gesture Bike: Examining Projection Surfaces and Turn Signal Systems for Urban Cycling @ ITS’15 conclusion ● Projections augmenting vehicle headlights with information ○ communicate with pedestrians ○ showing driver’s intention ○ computing & visualizing the field of safe travel

37. 37 ● Interface design of bicycles ● Bike sharing e.g. Copenhagen bike ● Display closer to normal line of sight could improve safety Copenhagen Bike bycyklen.dk Gesture Bike: Examining Projection Surfaces and Turn Signal Systems for Urban Cycling @ ITS’15 application

38. 38 [https://youtu.be/h-TLo86K7Ck] Gesture Bike: Examining Projection Surfaces and Turn Signal Systems for Urban Cycling @ ITS’15 Nissan Oct 27, 2015

39. Thank you for your attention 39

40. Acknowledgments This work was supported by the EU FP7 People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) under REA Grant Agreement 290227 More details on alexandrudancu.com/gesture-bike 40 t2i.se