1. USING TURBOCHARGING TECHNOLOGY TO DOWNSIZE COMBUSTION ENGINES TO MEET SUSTAINABLE FUEL ECONOMY REGULATIONS Same power output for both engines Better fuel economy in the I4 and less emissions Mason Valdisera and James Hantz Step 1: Turbine Exhaust from engine flows to the turbocharger The exhaust then powers a turbine inside the turbocharger Step 2: Compressor Connected to the turbine via an axial rod Takes outside air and compresses it Feeds compressed air to the engine Compressed air from Turbocharger feeds into Combustion Chamber of engine, increasing the work done by the engine due to increased pressure Step 1: Turbine Exhaust from engine flows to the turbocharger The exhaust then powers a turbine inside the turbocharger Step 2: Compressor Connected to the turbine via an axial rod Takes outside air and compresses it Feeds compressed air to the engine Compressed air from Turbocharger feeds into Combustion Chamber of engine, increasing the work done by the engine due to increased pressure How the Turbocharger Works Environment Reduces harmful emissions Fuel economy Increased fuel economy compared to naturally aspirated combustion engine with moderate driving Does not eliminate but limits amount of non-renewable resource use Cost Small Extra cost to producer per engine (some estimate about $70) Saves consumer money Money saved in gas prices out weighs additional cost of turbocharger with purchase Environment Reduces harmful emissions Fuel economy Increased fuel economy compared to naturally aspirated combustion engine with moderate driving Does not eliminate but limits amount of non-renewable resource use Cost Small Extra cost to producer per engine (some estimate about $70) Saves consumer money Money saved in gas prices out weighs additional cost of turbocharger with purchase Sustainability Government Mandate of Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) Current Averages at roughly 25 miles per gallon (MPG) Must increase to 54.5 MPG by 2025 Reduction of Emissions In 2005: 340 g/km Mandate 2025: 125 g/km Government Mandate of Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) Current Averages at roughly 25 miles per gallon (MPG) Must increase to 54.5 MPG by 2025 Reduction of Emissions In 2005: 340 g/km Mandate 2025: 125 g/km Vehicle Efficiency Mandates The price of hybrids and electric vehicles are higher than conventional vehicles Takes a long time for consumer to see cost benefit Battery for Plug-in Hybrids and Hybrids Limited range: GM’s EV-1 – 95 mile/charge Tesla Li Ion 2008 – 250 mile/charge and $100,000 Combustion range- about 350 miles Degrading Battery Power and Life Cycle in some models over time. Turbocharger not meant to replace these, but to place-hold as a more efferent technology while other technology develops The price of hybrids and electric vehicles are higher than conventional vehicles Takes a long time for consumer to see cost benefit Battery for Plug-in Hybrids and Hybrids Limited range: GM’s EV-1 – 95 mile/charge Tesla Li Ion 2008 – 250 mile/charge and $100,000 Combustion range- about 350 miles Degrading Battery Power and Life Cycle in some models over time. Turbocharger not meant to replace these, but to place-hold as a more efferent technology while other technology develops Comparing to Hybrid and Electric Vehicles Combining Benefits Standard Engine Relatively more mass Substantial Amount of Power Lack Of Fuel Efficiency Downsized Engine Less Mass Reduced Amount of Power Fuel Efficient Downsized Turbocharged Engine Less mass than a standard engine Turbocharger increases Power to compare to the standard engine Less Fuel consumption because of size, Less release of emissions In recent years, Ford has implemented powerful, fuel efficient engines with their turbocharged Ecoboost Family. Costs around $1000 Extra 1.0L engine efficiency and emissions estimates can match up to hybrid and diesel powered cars Applications for cars and trucks Engines with about 120 hp/L compared to about 80 hp/L in normal engines Turbo used with other fuel saving technologies In recent years, Ford has implemented powerful, fuel efficient engines with their turbocharged Ecoboost Family. Costs around $1000 Extra 1.0L engine efficiency and emissions estimates can match up to hybrid and diesel powered cars Applications for cars and trucks Engines with about 120 hp/L compared to about 80 hp/L in normal engines Turbo used with other fuel saving technologies Ford Ecoboost Resolving Turbo-Lag.. Variable Turbine Geometry 1) Vanes of the turbine position horizontally to the turbine at low exhaust intake(low RPM) to increase force on turbine causing it to spin 2) Vanes open towards the turbine at high exhaust intake(high RPM) pushing air directly through turbine instead of against it, lowering pressure Twin Turbo Commonly used in “V” Type engines Uses two small sized turbochargers on each exhaust in place of one large turbo. The smaller turbos reduce the turbo lag since they operate quickly at low RPM Sequential Uses two turbos, one small and one large A small turbo speeds up quicker, runs at lower speeds reducing turbo Large turbo runs at high speed, can deliver more boost 1 2. What is Turbo-lag?: The inability of the turbo to operate at low speeds Study of V6 Nat. Asp. Vs Turbocharged I4 Engine size (L) Power Output (hp) Weight (lb) Fuel Economy (Combined MPG) Emissions Over Life Cycle (kg CO 2 Eqv.) V6 Duratec3.022536020.896178 I4 (Turbo, Direct injection) 2.022529225.315082