1. doc.: IEEE 802.15- Submission March 2008 Slide 1 Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: [PHY considerations for low power body area networks (BAN)] Date Submitted: [March 17, 2008] Source: [Zhanfeng Jia, Jason Ellis and Amal Ekbal] Company [Qualcomm, Inc.] Address [5775 Morehouse Drive, San Diego, CA 92121] Voice:[+1-858-845-6353], E-Mail:[jason.ellis@qualcomm.com] Abstract:[This document presents an option for 802.15.6 PHY frequency band] Purpose:[To promote a discussion of PHY frequency band options available for 802.15.6] Notice:This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release:The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.

2. doc.: IEEE 802.15- Submission March 2008 Slide 2 PHY Considerations for Low Power Body Area Networks (BANs) Draft Contribution for March 2008 IEEE 802.15.6 Meeting Jason Ellis Amal Ekbal Zhanfeng Jia

3. doc.: IEEE 802.15- Submission March 2008 Slide 3 Key Points Unlicensed Spectrum Technology Benefits Initial Propagation Results Low Cost Antenna Solutions

4. doc.: IEEE 802.15- Submission March 2008 Slide 4 Available Unlicensed Spectrum ISM: 900MHz and 2.4GHz –Very congested WiFi Bluetooth Zigbee Cordless Phones Microwave Overs Misc UNII: 5GHz – less congested Some WiFI (802.11a, possible small amount of 11g) Cordless Phones Misc UWB: 3.1-10.6GHz –Newly unlicensed globally, –WiMedia (Wireless USB and Bluetooth 3.0) –Unique properties for communication 60GHz –Globally unlicensed spectrum –Basis for new very high speed and wireless video standards

5. doc.: IEEE 802.15- Submission March 2008 Slide 5 The global unlicensed spectrum “window” Regulatory Status –US UWB legal 3.1-10.6 GHz –EU has legalized 6-8.5GHz –Japan has legalized 7.25-10.25GHz for high data rate (>50Mbps) Regulators still working on lower data rate 7.25-8.50 GHz is a globally available “window” of spectrum

6. doc.: IEEE 802.15- Submission March 2008 Slide 6 A closer look at 7.25-8.5 GHz Benefits Worldwide unlicensed spectrum Low in-band interference compared with ISM and UNII Small antenna sizes lead to small form factors –Doubling frequency halves the antenna in each dimension Good spatial reuse for dense deployments (e.g. hospitals, cars, buses,) Multipath capture – –good for use in hospital, ship, container environments Body area propagation is acceptable No DAA requirements (detecting victim receivers) on low power BAN technologies Low complexity, implementable in standard CMOS processes

7. doc.: IEEE 802.15- Submission March 2008 Slide 7 High Frequency Antennas can be Low Cost $0.02 Antennas (inexpensive) Very small Omni directional antenna Perform well in 7.25-8.5GHz Source: Antenna picture and gain plots from PUBs, http://timederivative.com/pubs.htmlhttp://timederivative.com/pubs.html

8. doc.: IEEE 802.15- Submission March 2008 Slide 8 Initial Path Loss Measurements Measurements with off-the-shelf test-equipment to send and receive impulse waveforms at 7.25 to 9 GHz Digital Storage Oscilliscope (DSO) captures Tx and Rx waveforms Signals demodulated in Matlab Preliminary measurements for (see following slides) line-of-sight, 2’ pocket-to-ear Thru-wall and thru-door

9. doc.: IEEE 802.15- Submission March 2008 Slide 9 Typical Channel Measurements -1 Line-of-Sight, 2 feet Ear to Opposite Pants pocket 2.5ns 5ns Ep/N0 = 34dB Ep/N0 = 28dB Path loss = 49dB Path loss = 55dB

10. doc.: IEEE 802.15- Submission March 2008 Slide 10 Typical Channel Measurements -2 Thru-Wall, 4.5’ Thru-door, 4.2’ 5ns Through interior office wall Path loss = 56dB Through interior office door Path loss = 56dB Ep/N0 = 27dB

11. doc.: IEEE 802.15- Submission March 2008 Slide 11 Typical Channel Measurements: Pocket to Ear Location Pant’s Pocket to Same-Side Ear Path Loss [dB] Pant’s Pocket to Opposite Ear Path Loss [dB] Antenna Range (Free Space)66.3376.69 Lab Environment – Person 159.5867.71 Lab Environment – Person 268.4365.91 Outside, on parking structure72.6765.62 Large Hall59.6754.25 Lunchroom, sitting70.5876.3 Lunchroom, standing64.5566.57 Office, sitting66.0667.76 Office, standing57.867.42 Small Hall60.3365.87 Using a Software Radio test setup we measured the path loss for various pocket-to-ear scenarios and for different environments 2 different cases considered: Pant’s pocket to ear on same and opposite sides Path Loss computed as: Includes antenna losses (Note: average gain is -2dB at either end) “Pants” pocket to opposite ear

12. doc.: IEEE 802.15- Submission March 2008 Slide 12 Conclusions Newly unlicensed spectrum presents an opportunity for global BAN apps –Global “window” presently limited to 7.25GHz – 8.5GHz operation High frequencies enable high density and high reuse applications Inexpensive options exist for omni-directional antennas in 7.25-8.5GHz Initial tests suggest path loss performance is quite reasonable, even at higher frequencies Suggest 802.15.6 standards committee not preclude consideration of appropriate technology proposals for this band