1. Computing Fundamentals Unit 1- History & Types of Computers

2. You’ll learn… The History of Computing How to identify categories of computers How to identify basic components

3. Computer has a broad meaning What is a computer? A computer is a person, instrument, or machine that gathers, processes, and stores information.

4. Binary Numbering The use of the binary number system with two values: 0 and 1. 1= ON 0= OFF What Counting to Ten Looks Like Decimal: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 Binary: 0, 1, 10, 11, 100, 101, 110, 111, 1000, 1001, 1010

5. Charles Babbage- the “father of computing” Designed a steam-powered calculator called the Difference Engine in 1821. His next idea was the Analytical Engine (1856), designed to perform any kind of mathematical calculation.

6. The British Colossus decoded messages during WWII In 1943, the British built the first “Colossus” computer. Used to decipher encrypted teleprinter messages sent by the Germans during World War II.

7. Integrated circuits brought “chips” to computers One major step in computer development was the integrated circuit A group of tiny transistors and electric wires built on a silicon wafer, or “chip.” Over the years, IC’s have continued to get smaller in size but larger in their capacity to function.

8. The Altair was a computer individuals could afford The first computer that most individuals could afford was the Altair 8800, built in 1975 by MITS. No keyboard or screen Information was entered by clicking switches

9. Apple created the first user- friendly personal computer Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak created the first user-friendly personal computer, called the Apple, with a built-in keyboard, display screen, and storage unit. The term personal computer refers to a computer designed to be used by one person at a time.

10. The IBM PC gave way to many clone “compatibles” In 1981, IBM introduced its version of the personal computer—the IBM PC. IBM made the general design available to competing companies, resulting in many clones or “compatibles.” Today, the term PC often refers to computers running Microsoft’s Windows operating system.

11. Review What is a group of tiny transistors and electric wires built on a silicon wafer? Integrated Circuit (Chip) Who created the first user-friendly personal computer? Steve Jobs & Steve Wozniak Who’s the “father or computing” & what did he invent? Steam-powered calculator

12. Types of Computers Desktop AKA Personal computer (PC) AKA Microcomputer Individual user

13. Types of Computers The “Other” Computer Apple or Mac

14. Types of Computers Laptop AKA Notebook Portability Touchpad Tablet PC- handwriting

15. Types of Computers Tablet PC Form of notebook Swivel Screen Handwriting Stylus

16. Types of Computers Workstation Used by scientists, engineers (3-D, CAD) Designed for special high-end apps Multiple CPUs, lots of RAM, multiple, high- capacity drives Very powerful graphics capabilities and a large monitor or multiple monitors.

17. Types of Computers PDA Personal Digital Assistant AKA Pocket PC Windows or Palm OS Integrate with Phone or GPS Can do email, web, Office, etc.

18. Types of Computers Mainframe Connected to terminals Bulk data processing Banks, statistics Hundreds of thousands $ Large institutions & govt. Airlines

19. Types of Computers Terminal Only performs functions when connected to larger system Linked remotely to main Data entering Keyboard & Monitor “Dumb” Terminal

20. Types of Computers Supercomputers Large & fast Perform BIG calc’s Volumes of data Millions of $$$ Government Military Research Labs NASA

21. Types of Computers Server Network Server Performs functions for computers on a network Addressing Manages traffic Web Server Supports pages File Server Stores files

22. Review Managing an airline reservation & ticketing system would be best performed by which class of computer? Mainframe Which computer only performs when connected to a larger computer? Terminal What’s another name for a desktop? Microcomputer

23. Computing Fundamentals Unit 2- Computer Hardware

24. Motherboard Circuit board/Different sizes ATX Connects components CPU Memory Controllers Expansion ports/slots Bus

25. CPU Microprocessor Hertz (MHz & GHz) Control unit reads/interprets instructions Performs calculations to complete tasks 1979= 8 MHz 1993= 200 MHz 2008= 3 GHz

26. Memory RAM (DIMM) Volatile (Temporary) Measured in bytes MB or GB ROM On motherboard Non-volatile BIOS ROM Has instructions to boot your computer Can read from chip, but not store data

27. Storage- CD Optical CD-ROM, DVD-ROM CD-R, DVD+/- R CD-RW, DVD+/- RW ROM= read only R= Record Once RW= Rewritable CD= 80 min./ 700MB DVD= 2 hrs./ 4.7GB

28. Storage- Floppy Disks 8-inch 5 ¼” 3 ½” Magnetic Storage

29. Storage- Hard Drive Hard Drive- Magnetic MB or GB

30. Storage- Flash Flash No moving parts

31. Input Devices Allow data IN the computer

32. Mouse- Input Ball Optical Laser On-screen arrow is pointer Pointing Clicking Dragging Double-clicking Right-clicking

33. Voice Recognition- Input Speak commands into PC & enter text Software must be installed Disabled people use

34. Are these input devices?

35. Output Devices Data comes OUT of the computer Name some

36. Review Which part of the computer performs calculations and controls processes? CPU What is it called when people can speak into a PC and have it perform those commands? Voice recognition Which type of memory is volatile? RAM

37. Review Which software translates speech into text? Voice recognition What is the name of the path that data travels on a motherboard? Bus Which type of storage device has no moving parts? Flash/USB drive

38. Computing Fundamentals Unit 3- Maintaining & Protecting Hardware

39. Evaluating Components Buying List the tasks, software Check requirements Portability or not MAC or PC Storage devices Peripherals

40. Evaluating Components You could upgrade Add RAM New keyboard, mouse (connections) Drives/Cards May require pro to install

41. PC Connections

42. USB Ports PnP “hot swap” Handles up to 127 devices Speeds up to 480mbps (40MB) A to B connections AB

43. Parallel & Serial Parallel 25 port female IEEE 1284 Old Printers Serial 9 port male RS-232 Old modems & mice

44. Parallel & Serial Devices Parallel Serial

45. PS/2 Ports & VGA Port PS/2 Purple Keyboard Green Mouse 6 pin VGA Blue Monitor 15 pin female

46. NIC & Modem NIC RJ45 100Mbps Modem RJ11 Phone/Line Jacks 56kbps

47. Sound Card Line Out Headphone Speakers Line In Microphone

48. Routine Maintenance Visual Inspection Check cables Plugged in Good condition Inside computer too Compressed Air Dust off keyboards, inside PC Wipes For monitors No tissues or towels (lint/scratch) No glass cleaners

49. Dusty!

50. Troubleshooting Example On boot, message popup Unable to load library wxfw.dll. Attempted to load \wxfw.dll.Error code:126 Search online for wxfw.dll Found it was from a Desktop Weather Program Found program & uninstalled Reboot & no error

51. Troubleshooting 1. Recognize you have a problem 2. Replicate the steps to the problem 3. Check Basic Solutions Cables, restart 4. Look or research for help & support 5. Talk to a technician 6. Follow their instructions 7. Confirm it’s fixed

52. Troubleshooting Scenarios- Check the basics The entire computer has completely frozen up. I can't click anywhere on the screen. I can't even use the Start button to shut it down. Ctrl + Alt + Delete I press print & the printer does not respond at all. Check the cables

53. Protect from Theft & Damage Protect Hardware Power surge or spike Surge suppressor Power outage UPS Theft Laptop locks Padded bags Protect Files Online backup CD/DVD backup

54. What’s a surge? An increase in voltage significantly above the designated level Surge Protector diverts extra voltage like a valve Define joules

55. Care for Removable Media Keep away from electrical fields (TV/monitor) Avoid extreme temperatures Don’t touch media surface Hold optical disks at edges Keep disks in case when moving them

56. Review Which device protects a computer from electrical surges? Surge suppressor Which component has an RJ11 jack? Modem Which component has a 15 pin female connector? VGA

57. Review A legacy printer would be plugged into which port? Parallel When troubleshooting, what would a basic solution be? Checking the cables What is the last step in troubleshooting? Confirm the problem is fixed

58. Computing Fundamentals Unit 1- Computer Systems & Networks

59. Operating Systems Controls the way the computer interacts w/ parts & users Windows MAC Unix Linux

60. Windows Vista Screenshot

61. MAC OS Screenshot

62. Computer Networks Computers need to communicate with each other Standards allowed them to “speak the same language”

63. Networks Data Communications

64. Connecting How do you connect to a network? NIC

65. How Networks work Computers connect to one another Usually a server

66. Network Benefits & Features Central Storage of files Share files, resources, printers Maintain network centrally Secure Backup

67. Networks LAN Local Area Network Devices connected in small area This classroom, this school, your house

68. Networks WAN Wide Area Network Connects LANs Over a large geographic area

69. Internet Originally for government Largest network What’s the most commonly used feature on the Internet? Email Email is stored on a server NOT ON PC

70. Intranet Looks like Internet Only works w/in company network Great security Handbooks, forms, news, policies

71. Intranet Screenshot

72. Extranet Allows outside organization to access internal info Extension of intranet Outside suppliers Employees Strict security Username & password

73. Extranet Screenshots

74. End of Day Two Review A room of 5 connected computers describes a… LAN To connect to a network, your PC must have a… NIC This type of “Internet” is for internal use only within a business. Intranet