1. NPS CISREthics1 Information William Hugh Murray October 15, 2001

2. NPS CISREthics2 “He said that there was one only good, namely, knowledge; and one only evil,namely, ignorance.” -- attributed by Diogenes to Socrates

3. NPS CISREthics3 Definitions: Information is knowledge about something, esp. facts and news. Information retrieval is the process of finding stored information on a computer. Information technology (abbreviation IT) is the science and activity of storing and sending out information by using computers.

4. NPS CISREthics4 Information: the (recording) communication or reception of knowledge or intelligence a (1) : knowledge obtained from investigation, study, or instruction (2) : INTELLIGENCE, NEWS (3) : FACTS, DATA b : the attribute inherent in and communicated by one of two or more alternative sequences or arrangements of something (as nucleotides in DNA or binary digits in a computer program) that produce specific effects c (1): a signal or character (as in a communication system or computer) representing data (2) : something (as a message, experimental data, or a picture) which justifies change in a construct (as a plan or theory) that represents physical or mental experience or another construct d : a quantitative measure of the content of information; specifically : a numerical quantity that measures the uncertainty in the outcome of an experiment to be performed

5. NPS CISREthics5 From Information Theory: Information: that quality or property of a record or message that reduces the uncertainty in the communication Bit: that quantity of information that reduces uncertainty by half

6. NPS CISREthics6 Examples A medical record A database of medical records An expression of an idea An image Encoded sound A movie A model Encapsulation of work Encapsulation of special knowledge An expression of a design DNA A robot personality

7. NPS CISREthics7 “The automation of a process results in data that would not have existed otherwise.” “In the future, work will consist of organizing the data into knowledge and converting the knowledge to value.” Shoshanna Zuboff, Harvard Business School

8. NPS CISREthics8 Contrast Information to: Data Noise Code Methaphor Myth

9. NPS CISREthics9 DoD Hierarchy of Sensitivity to Disclosure Raw data Organized and analyzed data Conclusions Plans of action

10. NPS CISREthics10 Information Ethics Study of right behavior with regard to the creation,