1. Lesson 10 – Political Parties SS.7.C.2.8

2. Bell Ringer Form groups of 5 members (You may choose your own group members for this activity) Put your desk together in group form.

3. Group Bell Ringer

4. Bell Ringer Explained These are the logos for some of the political parties in the United States: Communist Party USA, Democratic Party, Libertarian Party, Republican Party, and Socialist Party USA.

5. Overview In this lesson, you will learn about the current political parties in the United States, understand their ideas about government and evaluate the impact of these parties on society, government and the political system. Essential Questions What are America’s current political parties? What are their ideas about government? NGSSS Benchmark SS.7.C.2.8 Identify America’s current political parties, and illustrate their ideas about government. Learning Goals/Benchmark Clarifications Students will compare current political parties’ ideas about government. Students will evaluate the impact political parties have on society, government, or the political system.

6. United States Political Parties The U.S. has a two-party system. There are mainly two political parties competing for control and running for elections in the U.S. The Democratic and Republican parties have been the two major parties since the 1860’s. As of January 2013, all members of Congress are members of the Democratic or Republican parties, except for the following people: Senator Angus King, Independent from Maine Senator Bernie Sanders, Independent from Vermont Third parties typically nominate a presidential candidate but so far, none have won.

7. Jigsaw Activity You will learn about the five political parties and their views about government by completing a jigsaw activity. To begin this activity, you will become “experts” by reading about one political party in their cooperative group. Once the reading activity is complete, each expert group will summarize what they have read and prepare to share the information with other members in the class. You will then break into new groups so that there is a member from each political party expert group represented in each new group. While in the new groups, each member will take turns teaching their peers about their assigned political party.

8. Key Comparisons –The Communist and Socialist parties both see the working class playing an important role in government. –The Libertarian and Republican parties both feel that government should be limited. –The Democratic and Republican parties both view the economy as an important issue, but differ in the approach to the government’s role in the economy. –Now that we know the basic ideas of each party, what do you think they do with these ideas?”

9. One Big Party? Read the Five Roles of Political Parties. List the five functions of political parties in the graphic organizer. For each function, write one or two sentences that summarizes the function. To complete the example column, go to one political party’s website and find examples of each function. Be prepared to share your examples with the class. Function Example: Nominate Candidates Influence PolicyUnite GovernmentCreate BalanceInform Citizens Description Political parties nominate candidates for public office. These candidates believe in party platform. Example & Source Candidates on www.democrats. org/ www.democrats. org/ Articles on voting on www.gop.comwww.gop.com Impact How does this function impact society, government, or the political system? By nominating candidates, political parties provide options of candidates to society. Society then determines which candidate they will elect and serve in government

10. Functions What do you think these functions look like in real life? What kind of impact do you think these functions have in society, in government and in the political system?

11. What do you see in these photos? Based on what you see, what do you think is the impact of political parties nominating candidates? Does this have an impact on government? On society? On the political system? DemocratsRepublicans Images from the 2012 Democratic and Republican National Conventions. In both images, the candidates have just accepted their party’s nomination for president.

12. Activity Democrat/Republican worksheet Make a chart like the one below: As we read through the issues, add a tally to the party that you agree with most. When we are done, we will see which political party you belong in! Party AParty B

13. Preview Political Parties on Jobs Compare these two texts from the Republican and Democrat Parties about Jobs. How do Republicans plan to increase jobs in the US? How do Democrats plan to increase jobs in the US? “The best jobs program is economic growth. We do not offer yet another made-in-Washington package of subsidies and spending to create temporary or artificial jobs.... Republicans will pursue free market policies that are the surest way to boost employment and create job growth and economic prosperity for all.” -2012 Republican Party Platform “The Republican Party has turned its back on the middle class Americans who built this country. Our opponents believe we should go back to the top-down economic policies of the last decade. …They argue that if we help corporations and wealthy investors maximize their profits by whatever means necessary, whether through layoffs or outsourcing, it will automatically translate into jobs and prosperity that benefits us all. … But we've tried their policies—and we've all suffered when they failed.” -2012 Democrat Party Platform

14. Homework – Due next class Conduct research on either major party’s website (Democrats.org and gop.com) to find examples for the remaining four functions and graphic organizer.

15. Content Background 1. Political Parties in the United States Political parties serve several interconnected roles in American politics. They serve a socializing role for the public, where they impact political knowledge and political activity. Party organizations oversee nominations and elections, contribute resources to political campaigns, and shape party messages. Parties also impact policy making and political decision making among elected officials. These roles are interconnected in that, how the public perceives political parties will impact their vote choice and campaign contribution decisions, which impacts who wins elections. How elected officials create and shape public policy impacts how the public perceives political parties because most elected officials are identified as political party members. Political parties serve critical roles in democracies because they combine individual citizens’ political views and communicate them to government. In combining these views, the public’s voice is more readily heard by public officials. In the U.S., there are two major political parties. The two-party system emerged in response to the arguments over the development of a federal system. Those supporting the proposal to create a shared powers system between the national and state governments formed the Federalist Party while those who wanted to retain the Articles of Confederation or, at least, key components of the confederal system, formed the Democratic- Republican Party. The Democratic and Republican parties have served as the two main U.S. political parties since 1860.

16. Content Background 2. Political Parties as Guides to Political Socialization Political socialization is the process of learning about politics. Parties act as filters through which the public learns about, sees and understands the political process. For example, positive or negative feelings about Republicans and Democrats may lead to positive or negative feelings about office holders, candidates, and proposed and actual public policies. Political parties also act as a vote guide because voters more often select candidates who represent their own party identification or party registration. 3. Political Party Organization Roles Party organizations function as a loose confederation in the United States because most party activity takes place at the state and local level. There are far more elected seats at the state and local levels when compared with the federal level, so it makes sense that political parties are more active where there are more elected offices.

17. Content Background Party organizations serve many electoral functions. They raise and spend money in order to help candidates get elected, and they shape and represent the party’s message on its core values and policy positions. Party organizations also recruit candidates to run for various offices, and recommend potential appointees to governors and presidents. Party organizations are best known for their least frequent activity—nominating candidates for president and vice-president. Each party holds its nominating convention every four years. The purpose of these conventions is to nominate the presidential and vice-presidential ticket, and to adopt the party’s platform. Party platforms are written documents that include the party’s policy positions and past policy and election successes, and attacks on the opposing party. Parties usually (though not always) hold their nominating conventions 6-12 weeks after the June primary so that the last nominating convention is over before the unofficial start of the general election campaign on Labor Day weekend. Conventions normally last 4-5 days; they begin on a Sunday or Monday and end the following Thursday. For various reasons, including media logistics, Democrats and Republicans nominate their presidential tickets during separate weeks.

18. Content Background 4. Political Parties as Public Policy Guides The role of parties as policy guides functions particularly well within the systems of separation of powers, checks and balances and federalism. All elected offices are tied to party labels at the national and state levels although this does not preclude independents from seeking office. For example, as of 2013, two Congress members were elected as independents. At the local level, counties and cities decide if their public officials will seek election under party labels. Members of Congress who share a party label tend to shape public policy together while different parties tend to take opposing views on key policy issues. Similarly, the president tends to spend more time with members of his own party in Congress compared with members of the opposite party. 5. Political Parties in the United States: Conclusion Political party roles are connected to one another such that each impacts the other. How the public perceives the parties working together in their policy making capacities, and in the policies that the parties support and oppose, impacts public support levels in terms of identification, registration, and vote choice. As the number of Democrats and Republicans increases or decreases, party organizations are similarly impacted. A party with fewer members, registrants or voters will have more difficulty raising money and recruiting good candidates compared with a party that is strong in these areas. Similarly, a party that has fewer members in legislatures, governorships, or does not hold the presidency, will have a more difficult time achieving its policy goals compared with a party that enjoys majorities in state and national legislatures, governorships and the presidency. Thus, even though these three roles impact different populations (the public, party activists, office holders) they are interconnected to one another as success or failure in one arena impacts how well a party does in other arenas.

19. Content Vocabulary Word/TermPart of SpeechDefinition biasnouna preference, opinion or attitude that favors one way of thinking or feeling over another candidatenouna person running for political office Communist Party proper nouna political party that believes the government should control all production and distribution of goods and working people should control their own lives and destinies Democratic Party proper nouna political party that believes that the federal government should take a more active role in people's lives, particularly those who are in need governmentnouna system or organization for exercising authority over a body of people Libertarian Party proper nouna political party that believes in individual freedom and the only purpose of government is to protect this freedom party platformnouna document stating the aims and goals of a political party political partynounan organization that seeks to gain political power by electing members to public office so that their political ideas can be reflected in public policies political systemnounthe members of a social organization who are in power Republican Partyproper nouna political party that believes that the federal government should play a small role in people's lives; they favor lower taxes and less government spending Socialist Partyproper nouna political party that believes people should own and control industry through democratically controlled public agencies, cooperatives, or other collective groups societynouna body of individuals living as members of a community third partynouna political party that is not one of the two major parties in the country; a minor party two-party systemnouna political system consisting primarily of two major parties, more or less equal in strength