1. DrugEpi 1-6 Other Drug Abuse Surveillance Systems Module 1 Overview Context Content Area: Descriptive Epidemiology & Surveillance Essential Question (General): How are health-related states or events distributed? Essential Question (Drug Abuse Specific): How is drug abuse distributed? Enduring Epidemiological Understanding: The frequency and distribution of health- related states or events in a population can be determined by systematically collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data. Synopsis In Module 1, students explore how to describe the distribution of health-related states or events. Students begin to uncover and develop the following epidemiological concepts and skills: observing groups of people, counting, the value of a denominator, a case definition, a representative sample, and creating circumstances that encourage truthful responses and protect confidentiality. Lesson 1-1: Counting and Rates Lesson 1-2: Introduction to Surveillance Lesson 1-3: Counting/Describing HIV / AIDS Lesson 1-4: Counting High School Marijuana Use Lesson 1-5: National Survey on Drug Use and Health Lesson 1-6: Other Drug Abuse Surveillance Systems

2. DrugEpi 1-6 Other Drug Abuse Surveillance Systems Module 1 - Descriptive Epidemiology and Surveillance Lesson 1-6 Other Drug Abuse Surveillance Systems Content Overview of several other drug surveillance systems Study of other drug surveillance systems, using as a model the five main questions to consider in planning / evaluating such a system (as described in Lesson 1-4 and exemplified for NSDUH in Lesson 1-5) Big Ideas There are several other surveillance systems that address drug use / abuse The systems have differences and similarities regarding the five main considerations Considering all the efforts at surveillance, it is evident that drug use / abuse continues to be a public health issue of highest priority This project is supported by a Science Education Drug Abuse Partnership Award, Grant Number 1R24DA016357-01, from the National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health.

3. DrugEpi 1-6 Other Drug Abuse Surveillance Systems 1.How is this disease distributed? Health-related conditions and behaviors are not distributed uniformly in a population. They have unique distributions that can be described by how they are distributed in terms of person, place, and time. 2.What hypotheses might explain the distribution of disease? Clues for formulating hypotheses can be found by observing the way a health-related condition or behavior is distributed in a population. 3.Is there an association between the hypothesized cause and the disease? Causal hypotheses can be tested by observing exposures and diseases of people as they go about their daily lives. Information from these observational studies can be used to make and compare rates and identify associations. 4.Is the association causal? Causation is only one explanation for an association between an exposure and a disease. Because observational studies are complicated by factors not controlled by the observer, other explanations also must be considered. 5.What should be done when preventable causes of disease are found? Policy decisions are based on more than the scientific evidence. Because of competing values - social, economic, ethical, environmental, cultural, and political factors may also be considered. Essential QuestionsEnduring Understandings Where are we?

4. DrugEpi 1-6 Other Drug Abuse Surveillance Systems To understand something as a specific instance of a more general case … is to have learned not only a specific thing but also a model for understanding other things like it that one may encounter. J. Bruner, The Process of Education, 1960 Understanding

5. DrugEpi 1-6 Other Drug Abuse Surveillance Systems Understanding Questions Addressed Got ItGetting ItWill Get It Soon What question(s) are used to survey marijuana use? Question(s) clearly described Question(s) partially described Question(s) described poorly or not described How is the sampling carried out? Sampling clearly described Some features of sampling described Sampling inadequately described What are the data collection methods? Methods described and critiqued Methods described but not critiqued Methods poorly described What is done to ensure accuracy? At least two quality methods described One quality method described No quality method clearly described What are the limitations? At least three pertinent points noted Two pertinent points noted One or no pertinent points noted

6. DrugEpi 1-6 Other Drug Abuse Surveillance Systems “… a model for understanding other things like it ….” Drug Abuse Warning Network Monitoring the Future Survey Youth Health Risk Behavior Survey College Health Risk Behavior Survey National Survey on Drug Use and Health European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs

7. DrugEpi 1-6 Other Drug Abuse Surveillance Systems National Survey on Drug Use and Health

8. DrugEpi 1-6 Other Drug Abuse Surveillance Systems “… a model for understanding other things like it ….” Drug Abuse Warning Network Monitoring the Future Survey Youth Health Risk Behavior Survey College Health Risk Behavior Survey National Survey on Drug Use and Health European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs

9. DrugEpi 1-6 Other Drug Abuse Surveillance Systems Drug Abuse Warning Network

10. DrugEpi 1-6 Other Drug Abuse Surveillance Systems “… a model for understanding other things like it ….” Drug Abuse Warning Network Monitoring the Future Survey Youth Health Risk Behavior Survey College Health Risk Behavior Survey National Survey on Drug Use and Health European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs

11. DrugEpi 1-6 Other Drug Abuse Surveillance Systems Monitoring the Future Survey

12. DrugEpi 1-6 Other Drug Abuse Surveillance Systems “… a model for understanding other things like it ….” Drug Abuse Warning Network Monitoring the Future Survey Youth Health Risk Behavior Survey College Health Risk Behavior Survey National Survey on Drug Use and Health European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs

13. DrugEpi 1-6 Other Drug Abuse Surveillance Systems Youth Health Risk Behavior Survey

14. DrugEpi 1-6 Other Drug Abuse Surveillance Systems “… a model for understanding other things like it ….” Drug Abuse Warning Network Monitoring the Future Survey Youth Health Risk Behavior Survey College Health Risk Behavior Survey National Survey on Drug Use and Health European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs

15. DrugEpi 1-6 Other Drug Abuse Surveillance Systems College Health Risk Behavior Survey

16. DrugEpi 1-6 Other Drug Abuse Surveillance Systems “… a model for understanding other things like it ….” Drug Abuse Warning Network Monitoring the Future Survey Youth Health Risk Behavior Survey College Health Risk Behavior Survey National Survey on Drug Use and Health European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs

17. DrugEpi 1-6 Other Drug Abuse Surveillance Systems European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs

18. DrugEpi 1-6 Other Drug Abuse Surveillance Systems Group: -------------------------- Group --------------------------- Drug Abuse Warning Network Youth Health Risk Behavior Survey Monitoring the Future Survey European School Survey on Alcohol & Other Drugs College Health Risk Behavior Survey Assignments

19. DrugEpi 1-6 Other Drug Abuse Surveillance Systems “… a model for understanding other things like it ….” Question Critique 1. What question(s) were asked to determine the current number of marijuana users? 2. What is the surveillance system sampling frame? How is the sample selected? 3. What mode of data collection is used? 4. What steps are taken to increase the likelihood that the question(s) would be answered accurately? 5. What are the limitations of the surveillance system? Surveillance System Name ______________________________________

20. DrugEpi 1-6 Other Drug Abuse Surveillance Systems “… a model for understanding other things like it ….” Surveillance System Start by Searching the Internet by Title of Surveillance System... here are some possible destinations 1. Drug Abuse Warning Network https://dawninfo.samhsa.gov 2. Monitoring the Future Survey http://www.monitoringthefuture.org 3. Youth Health Risk Behavior Survey http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/yrbs/index.htm 4. College Health Risk Behavior Survey http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00 049859.htm 5. European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs http://www.espad.org Surveillance System Name ______________________________________

21. DrugEpi 1-6 Other Drug Abuse Surveillance Systems Big Ideas in this Lesson (1-6) There are several other surveillance systems that address drug use / abuse The systems have differences and similarities regarding the five main considerations Considering all the efforts at surveillance, it is evident that drug use / abuse continues to be a public health issue of highest priority This project is supported by a Science Education Drug Abuse Partnership Award, Grant Number 1R24DA016357-01, from the National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health. Re-Cap

22. DrugEpi 1-6 Other Drug Abuse Surveillance Systems 1.How is this disease distributed? Health-related conditions and behaviors are not distributed uniformly in a population. They have unique distributions that can be described by how they are distributed in terms of person, place, and time. 2.What hypotheses might explain the distribution of disease? Clues for formulating hypotheses can be found by observing the way a health-related condition or behavior is distributed in a population. 3.Is there an association between the hypothesized cause and the disease? Causal hypotheses can be tested by observing exposures and diseases of people as they go about their daily lives. Information from these observational studies can be used to make and compare rates and identify associations. 4.Is the association causal? Causation is only one explanation for an association between an exposure and a disease. Because observational studies are complicated by factors not controlled by the observer, other explanations also must be considered. 5.What should be done when preventable causes of disease are found? Policy decisions are based on more than the scientific evidence. Because of competing values - social, economic, ethical, environmental, cultural, and political factors may also be considered. Essential QuestionsEnduring Understandings Next Lesson (2-1)