1. Warm-up BREAKING NEWS: PREPARE FOR AN EARTHQUAKE!
Imagine that you have just received news that Charlotte is preparing for an earthquake.
What would you do to prepare your home, family, and what resources would you need?

2. Follow-up: Did you think of these things?
First aid kit and instruction booklet
Plastic tarp or a small tent
Emergency ("space") blankets and one sleeping bag for each family member 
At least one gallon of bottled water per person, per day. For a 3-day supply, that adds up to three gallons of water per person 
Enough canned or dried food for 3 days
Can opener
Flashlight (easily in reach)
Battery-powered radio
Spare batteries for everything (stored separately in waterproof bags)
Toilet paper, soap, toothpaste and toothbrushes, and other personal supplies
Multi-purpose dry chemical (Class ABC) fire extinguisher
Any important medicine and supplies for infants, elderly people, and others with special needs

3. Earthquakes! SWBAT describe the anatomy of an earthquake
SWBAT relate earthquakes to different types of plate boundaries.

4. North Carolina
As a resident of Charlotte, NC as a insurance agent would you recommend a new homeowner to purchase Earthquake insurance? Explain your answer.

5. California
As a resident of Charlotte, NC as a insurance agent would you recommend a new homeowner to purchase Earthquake insurance? Explain your answer.
What have we studied in previous units would explain why California has more frequent and stronger Earthquakes.

6. Why does California see so many EQs?
The San Andreas Fault!

7. Phases of an Earthquake
Foreshock: any of the usually minor tremors commonly preceding the principal shock of an earthquake
Earthquake: An earthquake is the shaking of the ground due to the movements of tectonic plates
Aftershock: smaller earthquakes which are generated by the continued movement of plates and other materials after the main shock

8. Parts of an Earthquake
Focus - the point within the Earth where the earthquake starts. It is the place below the earth’s surface where the rocks tear, come apart, or collide. Epicenter - location on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus. Surface waves move outward from the epicenter. Fault - the break in the crust where the earthquake occurs.

9. Types of Faults Strike-Slip, Reverse, Normal
Each fault occurs at a different type of boundary!

10. Mini-Poster Draw a picture of each type of fault. (312)
Label the following information on each picture: Fault, Hanging Wall, Footwall and make sure you included arrows indicating plate motion.
Describe the force that is causing the plate to move. (Compression, tension, or shearing)
Describe the type of plate boundary that is typically associated with each of these faults. (Convergent, Divergent, or Transform.)

11. White Board Question
What type of plate boundary would produce a normal fault?
Name the different types of stress that occur during Earthquakes.
What type of faults should be most common at a spreading ocean ridge? Explain
Draw and label the following: Hanging wall, Footwall, and Fault.

12. SEISMOGRAPH
Instrument used by scientists to measure Earthquakes.

13. What do we use to measure earthquakes?
Richter Scale – a scale from 1 – 10 that tells the magnitude (intensity) of an earthquake

14. Magnitudes and Energy of Earthquakes Annual Numbers of EQs
As indicated in previous slide, as magnitude increases by 1.0, ground motion changes by a factor of 10. The change in energy with magnitude is even more dramatic. A change of magnitude by 1.0 corresponds to a change in energy released by a factor of 32!
Notice the dramatic change in number of earthquakes of different sizes. Small earthquakes are MUCH more frequent than large earthquakes. However, because the energy changes by a factor of 32 with an increase of 1.0 in magnitude, large earthquakes account for most of the energy released in earthquakes. There are about 20 earthquakes of magnitude 7.0 or greater each year and these release 80% of all seismic energy.
Earthquake Energy—To rephrase, for each unit of magnitude the amplitude of the waves increases by a factor of 10, but the duration also increases, so the energy released increases by a factor of 32!
RESOURCE: See file “No. 3. How Often do Earthquakes Occur?” on website
What’s the message?
MOST of the energy is released by around 20 magnitude-7 and larger EQs every year.

15. Modified Mercalli Scale
Scale that measures an Earthquakes intensity (damage).
Scale is in roman numerals from 1 – 12 or I to XII.

16. Earthquake Comparison
Haiti 2010
Magnitude 7.0
220,000 Deaths
14 Billion in damage.
Why were there more deaths in Haiti compared to Japan?
Japan 2011
Magnitude 9
15,891 Deaths
300 Billion in damage.
Caused a Tsunami

17. Elastic Rebound Theory

18. Why do earthquakes occur?
Along a fault, energy builds up in a rock until it breaks…This release of energy causes an earthquake.

19. Elastic Rebound Theory
Definition: the gradual buildup, and release of stress and strain, between tectonic plates which leads to earthquakes

20. Earthquake and Volcano Puzzle

21. Any last minute questions?
Exit Ticket!
Any last minute questions?

22. Exit Ticket What is an epicenter? What is the elastic rebound theory?
Where is the focus in relation to the epicenter?
Draw a diagram of the three types of faults we discussed in class today.
Additional links to check out (for extra class time/early finishers):