1. Earthquakes

2. Normally, rocks are pressed together tightly
Earthquakes: vibrations through earth’s crust
Occur when rocks under stress slip or shift along a fault
Normally, rocks are pressed together tightly
= not moving
Or “locked”

3. Elastic Rebound Theory
Rocks along each side of a fault are moving slowly.
If the rock is “locked”, then stress will increase
When the rock is stressed beyond its capacity, the rocks separate, or fracture, at the weakest point, and then they spring back to their original position
As rocks move they create vibrations, called Seismic Waves

4. Aftershocks: series of tremors caused by other areas adjusting to stress of the initial earthquake

6. Focus: place where slip first occurs
Epicenter: The point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus.

7. Seismic waves radiate out in all directions from the focus.

8. Major Earthquake Zones

9. Where do earthquakes occur?
Along or near the edges of lithospheric plates
Journal:
Why do think that earthquakes occur in these areas? Explain the cause of the earthquakes!

10. Fault Zones
Groups of interconnected faults along a plate boundary

11. 6.2 Recording Earthquakes
Seismograph: instrument that detects and records seismic waves

12. Types of Waves
The different types of energy waves shake the ground in different ways and also travel through the earth at different velocities.

13. Types of Waves
P wave: The fastest wave, and therefore the first to arrive at a given location.
compression wave, alternately compresses and expands material in the same direction it is traveling.
S wave : is slower than the P wave and arrives next
shakes the ground up and down and back and forth perpendicular to the direction it is traveling.
Surface waves: follow the P and S waves.

14. Locating an Earthquake
Scientists analyze the difference between the arrival of P and S waves .

16. Journal:
What instrument measures earthquakes???

17. Earthquake Measurement
Magnitude: Measure of energy released
Described as ground motion
Measured using the RICHTER SCALE

19. Mercalli Scale: describes intensity, or amount of damage an earthquake causes.
Scale I – XII

21. Journal:
Describe the difference between the Richter Scale and the Mercalli Scale.

22. Reading an Earthquake Wave Graph IN CLASS 