1. INTRODUCTION TO CELLS

2. History of Cells Robert Hooke, 1665 Anton von Leeuwenhoek, 1674 Matthias Schleiden, 1838 Theodor Schwann, 1839 Rudolph Virchow, 1855 Janet Plowe, 1931

3. Robert Hooke naturalist, philosopher, inventor, architect.... (July 18, 1635 - March 3, 1703) In 1665 Robert Hooke publishes his book, Micrographia, which contains his drawings of sections of cork as seen through one of the first microscopes (shown at right). He was the first person to use the term “ cells ”.

4. Anton van Leeuwenhoek 1632-1723 In 1673 Anton van Leeuwenhook perfects the simple microscope and observes cells and microorganisms. He discovered bacteria in 1674 and four years later, he discovers protozoa.

5. Cell Theory Matthias Schleiden all plants are made of cells Cell Theory Theodore Schwann all animals are made of cells Rudolf Virchow all cells came from pre-existing cells

6. Cell Theory all living things are made up of cells cells are the basic units of structure and function in an organism new cells are produced from existing cells Matthias Schleiden concluded that all plants are made of cells (1838) Theodore Schwann concluded that all animals are made of cells (1839) Rudolf Virchow concluded that all cells came from pre-existing cells (1855)

7. Cell Specialization Cells in organisms are specialized to perform different tasks. Red Blood Cells Muscle Cells Stomata

8. Terms Cell – the smallest unit that can carry on the processes of life. Unicellular – consists of only one cell Multicellular – consists of more than one cell

9. Cell Types PROKARYOTE No nucleus No membrane-bound organelles Small ribosomes Most cells are 1 -10 μm in size Evolved 3.5 billion years ago Found only in Archaebacteria and Eubacteria Kingdoms EUKARYOTE Has nucleus Many organelles Larger ribosomes Cells can be between 2 - 1,000 μm in size Evolved 1.5 billion years ago Includes Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia Kingdoms

10. Structure and Function of Cells Cell TypeExample Prokaryotic Bacteria Eukaryotic Protista Fungi Plants Animal

11. Prokaryotic Cells https://www.brainpop.com/science/diversityoflife/bacter ia/

12. …. Different Image

13. Common Components and Cellular Organization Plasma Membrane – boundary surrounding the cell Genetic material: DNA – located in a membrane-bound nucleus for eukaryotic cells Cytoplasm – Semi-fluid matrix containing enzymes and organelles (enzyme = biological catalyst) Cytoskeleton – network of filaments and tubules in cytoplasm that maintains cell shape, allows movement

14. Features of Prokaryotic Cells All prokaryotic cells contain StructureFunction Plasma Membrane Regulates flow of substances into and out of cell Nucleoid Cytoplasmic region containing genetic material Cytoplasm Cytosol: fluid RibosomesEnzyme

15. Features of Prokaryotic Cells All prokaryotic cells contain StructureFunction Cell Wall Supports cell Maintains shape Capsule Protects from drying Protects against white blood cells Infolded Plasma Membranes Metabolism Cell division

16. Features of Prokaryotic Cells All prokaryotic cells contain StructureFunction Bacterial Flagellum Movement Plasmid Small circular DNA Replicates independently

17. Applying Your Knowledge 1.Cell Wall 2.Flagellum 3.Capsule 4.Plasmid 5.Nucleoid In bacterial cells: where is the genetic material located? which one is used for movement? which one provides structural support for the cell?

18. Prokaryotic Cell Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IYe5tHaE XRE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IYe5tHaE XRE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RQ- SMCmWB1s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RQ- SMCmWB1s

19. Your Turn to Draw a Prokaryotic Cell Now I would like you in your groups to draw a prokaryotic cell on your paper. Make sure to label your parts. – Use the vocabulary list on the board to help you.

20. Vocabulary Pill Capsule Cell Wall Plasma Membrane Ribosomes DNA Flagellum Cytoplasm

21. Lets Review

22. Exit Card Tell me one thing that you learned about Prokaryotic Cells

23. Eukaryotic Cells Animal CellPlant Cell

24. Cell Parts Cells – the basic unit of life Organelles - small structures inside a cell with specific functions.

25. A) Cell Membrane/Plasma Membrane 1.Function: Regulates materials entering and exiting the cell. 2.Structure: Two layers of phospholipids, proteins Cell membrane Analogy – Lyndhurst city limits

26. B) Cytoplasm 1.Function: All cell contents that lie between the cell membrane and the nucleus. (organelles + cytosol) a. Cytosol = liquid portion/non-organelles. 2.Structure: made up of fluid and organelles except for nucleus Analogy – All air, water, life that are in Lyndhurst, except City Hall Cytoplasm

27. C) Nucleus 1.Function: “Control Center.” Regulates DNA & RNA actions. 2.Structure: membrane bound, contains DNA Analogy – City Hall Nucleus

28. D) Nuclear Envelope 1.Function: Regulates what enters or exits the nucleus. 2.Structure: Double Layer of Lipids Nuclear Envelope

29. E) Nucleolus Analogy – The Mayor 1.Function: Produces RNA, which are used to make all proteins. 2.Structure: Inside Nucleus, separate from DNA Nucleolus

30. F) DNA Analogy – The Laws or City Code 1.Function: information on how to make proteins. a.Chromatin – unorganized DNA (normal state) b.Chromosomes – organized DNA (present before cell division 2.Structure: Made up of nucleotides, locked in the nucleus DNA (chromatin)

31. G) Endoplasmic Reticulum Analogy – Roads & Sidewalks 1.Function: Transportation route for proteins. a.Rough ER: has ribosomes b.Smooth ER: no ribosomes 2.Structure: tubes and channels Rough ER Smooth ER

32. H) Ribosomes Analogy – Restaurants, Factories, Builders. 1.Function: Makes proteins. 2.Structure: small circular organelles Ribosomes Free Ribosomes

33. I) Vacuoles and Vesicles Analogy – Grocery stores, water tanks. 1.Function: Storage for water, nutrients or waste. 2.Structure: small membrane-bound organelle. Vesicles

34. J) Lysosomes Analogy – Recycling center 1.Function: packets of enzymes that break down materials in a cell. 2.Structure: Small membrane-bound organelles Lysosomes

35. K) Mitochondria Analogy – PG&E, Electric Companies 1.Function: Produce energy for the cell – site of cellular respiration. “The Powerhouse” 2.Structure: Double membrane-bound, kidney shaped. Mitochondria

36. L) Golgi Apparatus Analogy – Post Office 1.Function: Packages, labels and ships proteins out of the cell. 2.Structure: Pancake-shaped layered organelle Golgi Apparatus

37. M) Cytoskeleton Analogy – Wood, cement, steel beams 1.Function: Provide support and structure for the cell. a. Microfilaments b. Microtubules 2.Structure: Tubules Microfilaments Microtubules

38. N) Centrioles (Animals Only) Analogy – Lyndhurst vs. North Arlington 1.Function: microtubules that help divide the cell during cell division. Structure: Tubules Centrioles

39. O) Cilia & Flagella Analogy – Cars or bicycles. 1.Function: provides movement for the cell or objects moving by the cell. 2.Structure: a. Flagella – 1 long fiber b. Cilia – many short fibers Flagella Cilia

40. O) Cilia & Flagella Analogy – Cars or bicycles. 1.Function: provides movement for the cell or objects moving by the cell. 2.Structure: a. Flagella – 1 long fiber b. Cilia – many short fibers Flagella Cilia

41. P) Chloroplasts (Plants only) Analogy – Solar Panels 1.Function: site of photosynthesis (converting sun and CO2 into sugar). 2.Structure: Membrane bound organelles that contain chlorophyll Chloroplasts

42. Q) Cell Wall (Plant cells only) Analogy – ground, rock wall 1.Function: Provides support for the cell and the plant. 2.Structure: Made of cellulose Cell Wall

43. Video Animal Cell – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fzj6TRnXmps https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fzj6TRnXmps Plant Cell – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uohe2V4yOz E https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uohe2V4yOz E

44. Animal Cell

45. Plant Cell

46. Your Turn to Draw a Eukaryotic Cell Now I would like you in your groups to draw a prokaryotic cell on your paper. – Left Side of the room – Plant Cell – Right Side of the room – Animal Cell Make sure to label your parts. – Use the vocabulary list on the board to help you

47. Vocabulary Nucleus Plasma Membrane Ribosomes Cytoplasm Mitochondria Golgi bodies Lysosomes Endoplasm Cell Wall Chloroplasts Flagella

48. Cell Raps https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=- zafJKbMPA8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=- zafJKbMPA8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CdGpsDF 2Ci8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CdGpsDF 2Ci8

49. Cell Raps https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=- zafJKbMPA8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=- zafJKbMPA8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CdGpsDF 2Ci8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CdGpsDF 2Ci8

50. Lets Review