1. INTRODUCTION TO CELLS

2. Robert Hooke naturalist, philosopher, inventor, architect
Robert Hooke naturalist, philosopher, inventor, architect.... (July 18, March 3, 1703)
In 1665 Robert Hooke publishes his book, Micrographia, which contains his drawings of sections of cork as seen through one of the first microscopes (shown at right).
He was the first person to use the term “cells”.
1665 – Robert Hooke publishes his book which contains his drawings of sections of cork as seen through one of the first microscopes. Coined the term “cells”.

3. Anton van Leeuwenhoek 1632-1723
In 1673 Anton van Leeuwenhook perfects the simple microscope and observes cells and microorganisms.
He discovered bacteria in 1674 and four years later, he discovers protozoa.
1673 – Anton van Leeuwenhook – perfects the simple microscope and observes cells and microorganisms. Four years later, he discovers protozoa.

4. Cell Theory Cell Theory all living things are made up of cells
Matthias Schleiden
concluded that all plants are made of cells (1838)
Theodore Schwann
concluded that all animals are made of cells (1839)
Rudolf Virchow
concluded that all cells came from pre-existing cells (1855)
Cell Theory
all living things are made up of cells
cells are the basic units of structure and function in an organism
new cells are produced from existing cells

5. Cell Specialization
Cells in organisms are specialized to perform different tasks.
Photos from Biology, Prentice Hall
Levels of Organization: how organisms are arranged from simple to complex

6. The Levels of Organization
Multicellular organisms are arranged from simple to complex according to their level of cellular grouping.
Levels of Organization: how organisms are arranged from simple to complex
cell
tissue
organ
organ system
organism

7. Cell Types PROKARYOTE EUKARYOTE No nucleus
No membrane-bound organelles
Small ribosomes
Most cells are μm in size
Evolved 3.5 billion years ago
Found only in Archaebacteria and Eubacteria Kingdoms
EUKARYOTE
Has nucleus
Many organelles
Larger ribosomes
Cells can be between 2 - 1,000 μm in size
Evolved 1.5 billion years ago
Includes Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia Kingdoms

8. Cell Type: Prokaryotes
Prokaryotes, which includes all bacteria, are the simplest cellular organisms. They have genetic material but no nucleus.
Typical bacteria cell

9. Cell Types: Eukaryotes
Eukaryotic cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus and numerous membrane -enclosed organelles (e.g., mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus) not found in prokaryotes.

10. Different Types of Cells
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
no nucleus
no nucleus
nucleus
nucleus
small ribosomes
larger ribosomes
small ribosomes
larger ribosomes
no organelles
no organelles
organelles
organelles
very small 1-10m
very small
small
small m
only in bacteria
protists, fungi, plants, animals
protists, fungi, plants, animals
only in bacteria

11. What Are the Parts of Cells
Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have some things in common.
All cells have
cell membrane
cytoplasm
ribosomes
nuclear material
nuclear material
cell membrane
ribosomes
cytoplasm

12. vacuole: sac-like structure that stores water, salts, foods, etc
chloroplast: capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy (food), (photosynthesis occurs here)
ribosomes: manufacture proteins
mitochondria: convert chemical energy stored in food into ATP (cellular respiration occurs here)
cell wall: outer layer in plant cells, support and protection
cell membrane: regulates what enters and leaves the cell, protection and support
nucleus: controls most cell processes, contains hereditary information (DNA)
cytoplasm: semi-liquid material that fills the cell
Parts of Cells
cytoplasm
nucleus
chloroplast
vacuole
Introduction to cell parts. After you click and the cell part label comes in, wait for the definition to come in automatically.
ribosomes
mitochondria
cell membrane
cell wall
(p. 175)

13. Parts of Cells
Golgi apparatus: modifies, sorts and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell
lysosome: digests lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell; also involved in breaking down organelles that have outlived their usefulness
Endoplasmic reticulum: site where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled, along with proteins and other materials that are exported from the cell
cell membrane
mitochondria
ribosome
Golgi apparatus
nucleus
cytoplasm
Endoplasmic reticulum
lysosome

14. Cell Organelles Animal Plant Cell Membrane Mitochondria Chloroplast
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Nucleus
Vacuole
Lysosome
Golgi Body
Ribosome
Cell Wall
Animal
Plant