1. POPULATION 3 4

2. POPULATIONS: Distribution2 1

3. POPULATIONS: Abundance (including Density)5

4. POPULATIONS: Dispersal

5. POPULATIONS: Age Structure

6. Populations: Age Structure
White Oak

7. Populations: Age Structure
Fremont Cottonwood

8. Age Structure: Large Cactus Finch

9. Population Age Structure: Survivorship (lx)8

10. Population Age Structure: Reproduction
R0: Net Reproductive Rate
T: Generation Time

11. Population Age Structure: Growth Rates
Non-Overlapping Reproduction
Continuous Reproduction
r = Per Capita Rate of Increase
= Geometric Rate of Increase
r > 0: Increasing
> 1 : Increasing
r < 0: Decreasing
< 1: Decreasing

12. Patterns of Survivorships
Fig in Molles 2006

13. Type I Survivorship Curve12
Fig in Molles 2006

14. Type II Survivorship Curve9
Fig in Molles 2006 10

15. Type III Survivorship Curve11
Beeplant (Cleome)
Fig in Molles 2006

16. Collecting Data for Analyzing Age Structure:
Cohort Life Table Analysis
Cohort: All individuals born at the same time

17. Cohort Lifetable: Monitor all individuals born
in a given year until their death
Age (Years) Number of Survivors
,000
Cohort: A group of individuals of the same age

18. Problems with Cohort Life Tables?

19. Static Life Table Analysis
Collecting Data for Survivorship Curves II:
Static Life Table Analysis 15 16
Adolph Murie 14

20. Collect age data on individuals at time of death
Static Life Table
Collect age data on individuals at time of death
Fig in Molles 2006

21. Survivorship Curve for Dall Sheep
(Based on Static Life Table Analysis)
Fig in Molles 2006

22. Assumption of Static Life Table Analysis:
Proportion of skulls in each age class =
Proportion of individuals who die
in each age class

23. Combining Life Tables with Fecundity Schedules
(Continuous Reproduction)
Table 10.2 in Molles 2006
(continued)

24. Useful Life Table Notation
x: Age in years
dx: Number of individuals dead in a given time interval
nx: Number of individuals surviving to beginning of x
lx: Proportion of original individuals surviving
to beginning of x
mx: Number of individuals produced per individual
during time period x

25. Ro = ∑ lxmx Indices of Population Growth Ro: Net Reproductive Rate
(Animals: Total # females produced per female in one lifetime)
(Ro < 1, population size is decreasing)
(Ro = 1, population size is not changing)
(Ro > 1, population size is increasing)
Ro = ∑ lxmx

26. (Mean age of a Female when Giving Birth)
Indices of Population Growth
T: Generation Time
(Mean age of a Female when Giving Birth)
∑ x lx mx
T =
__________ Ro

27. Indices of Population Growth
r: Per Capita Rate of Increase
(= birth rate – death rate)
(If r < 0, population is decreasing)
(If r = 0, population is not changing)
(If r > 0, population is increasing)
ln Ro
_______
r = T

28. Common Mud Turtle (K. subrubrum)

29. ln Ro
_______
r = T
Table 10.2 in Molles 2006
(continued)

30. 1 http://www.desertusa.com/mag05/nov/images/no4creosote.jpg2 3 4 5
duckweed.gif 6 7 8 9
American%20Robin.jpg

31. 10 http://sdakotabirds.com/species/photos/white_crowned_sparrow.jpg11
julyblooming/cleome.jpg 12 13 14 15
Dall_Sheep_Skull.jpg 16 17 18 19