2. Works of Renaissance Artists

3. Ninja Turtles named after 4 Renaissance Artists

4. I. Beginnings Renaissance means “rebirth” Referred to rebirth of “classical” learning of Greece and Rome Based on Humanism – focused on worldly subjects rather than religious issues

5. II. Location Began in Florence, Italy Spread to rest of Europe –Black death delayed growth in Northern Europe

7. 2. Perspective Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! First use of linear perspective! Perspective! Perspective! The Trinity Masaccio 1427 What you are, I once was; what I am, you will become.

8. 3. Classicism Greco-Roman influence. Secularism. Humanism. Individualism  free standing figures. Symmetry/Balance The “Classical Pose” Medici “Venus” (1c)

9. 5. Geometrical Arrangement of Figures The Dreyfus Madonna with the Pomegranate Leonardo da Vinci 1469 The figure as architecture!

10. Florence Under the Medici Medici Chapel Medici Chapel The Medici Palace Wealthy merchant and patron of the Arts- Medici family

11. Dome Comparisons Il Duomo St. Peter’s St. Paul’s US capital (Florence) (Rome) (London) (Washington)

12. David by Donatello 1430 First free-form bronze since Roman times! The Liberation of Sculpture

14. 1. Self-Portrait -- da Vinci, 1512 1452 - 1519 Artist Sculptor Architect Scientist Engineer Inventor

15. The Renaissance “Man” Broad knowledge about many things in different fields. Deep knowledge/skill in one area. Able to link information from different areas/disciplines and create new knowledge. The Greek ideal of the “well-rounded man” was at the heart of Renaissance education.

16. Mona Lisa – da Vinci, 1503-4

17. A Macaroni Mona

18. A Picasso Mona

19. A “Mona”ca Lewinsky

20. Mona Lisa OR da Vinci ??

21. The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498 & Geometry

22. horizontal vertical Perspective! The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498

23. Detail of Jesus The Last Supper Leonardo da Vinci 1498 Deterioration

24. A Da Vinci “Code”: St. John or Mary Magdalene?

25. Leonardo, the Sculptor An Equestrian Statue 1516-1518

26. Leonardo, the Architect: Pages from his Notebook Study of a central church. 1488

27. Leonardo, the Scientist (Biology): Pages from his Notebook An example of the humanist desire to unlock the secrets of nature.

28. Leonardo, the Scientist (Anatomy): Pages from his Notebook

29. Leonardo, the Inventor : Pages from his Notebook

30. Man Can Fly?

31. A study of siege defenses. Studies of water-lifting devices. Leonardo, the Engineer: Pages from his Notebook

33. Comparing Domes

34. 2. Michelangelo Buonorrati 1475 – 1564 He represented the body in three dimensions of sculpture.

35. David Michelangelo Buonarotti 1504 Marble

36.  15c 16c  What a difference a century makes!

37. The Pieta Michelangelo Buonarroti 1499 marble The Popes as Patrons of the Arts

38. The Sistine Chapel Michelangelo Buonarroti 1508 - 1512

39. The Sistine Chapel’s Ceiling Michelangelo Buonarroti 1508 - 1512

40. The Sistine Chapel Details The Creation of the Heavens

41. The Sistine Chapel Details Creation of Man

42. A Modern “Adaptation” Joe Gallo in the New York Daily News, 2004

43. The Sistine Chapel Details The Fall from Grace

44. The Sistine Chapel Details The Last Judgment

45. Raphael’s Madonnas (1) Sistine Madonna Cowpepper Madonna

46. Madonna della Sedia Alba Madonna Raphael’s Madonnas (2)

47. The School of Athens – Raphael, 1510 - 11 Raphael Da Vinci Michelangelo

48. Aristotle: looks to this earth [the here and now]. Plato: looks to the heavens [or the IDEAL realm]. The School of Athens – Raphael, details

49. Zoroaster Ptolemy Euclid

50. The Liberation of St. Peter by Raphael, 1514

51. Bell work 1.Do you behave better for teachers you like or teachers you are afraid of? Why?

52. On your paper make a list of the qualities and characteristics of a good leader. (for example honesty, fairness)

53. Instructions Read the following questions and answer based on your own opinion. Give the answer that you think would best help you rule a country.

54. 1. If you were going to take over a country, how would you do it? A. Using your own personal army. B. Using your friend’s army. C. Poisoning the king and murdering his family. D. Explain to the people that the king is bad and that you should be the leader.

55. 2. What type of army would you have? A. An army of well-trained soldiers that you pay to support you. B. An army of troops borrowed from your friends. C. An army of people from your own country. D. An army of love.

56. 3. Which of these seems best to you? A. Don’t worry about following laws, just do whatever you want. B. Don’t worry about laws, do anything to help your people. C. Follow the laws at all times. D. Follow the laws unless your country itself is in danger.

57. 4. If your people wanted you to build them a Colosseum, what would you do? A. Build it and let them in free to make them happy. B. Build it and charge them to come in. C. Ignore their request without explanation. D. Explain that it would cost too much to build.

58. 5. You catch a group of people talking about how you are a bad king. You: A. Kill them all! B. Kill them all, and their families! C. Reason with them explaining why they are wrong. D. Ask them nicely to stop.

59. 6. Someone tells you that your brother wants your throne. What do you do? A. Kill him! B. Trick him into telling you the truth. C. Ask him calmly what was going on. D. Tell him who told you and then discuss the situation.

60. 7. How would you show how great a ruler you are? A. Built great roads, bridges and statues. B. Make sure all your people have food. C. Build up your army and attack your most hated enemies. D. Make all your people bow down when you walk by.

61. 8. Two neighbor countries go to war with each other. What do you do? A. Don’t pick sides, let them fight. B. Flip a coin to pick a side to support. C. Offer to help whoever pays you more. D. Support the side you think your people will like more.

62. A. Friends and people you trust. B. People who pay you the most. C. People who says how wonderful you are all the time. D. People who are wise and honest but may disagree with you. 9. What type of advisors would you pick?

63. 10. What role does law play in your country? A. I make whatever laws I want. B. People vote on the laws. C. I don’t worry about the laws, my army takes care of all problems. D. There is no law in my country.

65. Only give things away when people are watching. Whoa, that dude just gave someone a dollar! He’s awesome! Ya he rocks!

66. 11. What is most important to you? A. Feeding your people. B. Earning lots of money. C. Having a strong army. D. Being known as a great king.

67. 12. When you take over a place, what will do you with the old rulers? A. Offer them a job so they won’t be angry. B. Kill them and all of their relatives. C. Send them off to a foreign country. D. Put them all in jail.

68. 13. You want to conquer new lands, what type of country would be best to take? A. Country with a king and strong army. B. Country with a king and weak army. C. Country with a group of leaders and a strong army. D. Country with a group of leaders and a weak army.

69. 14. There is a country with a very weak army next to you. What do you do? A. Kill them all! B. Help them get stronger. C. Force them to pay you for protection. D. Leave them alone.

70. 15. There is a country with a very strong army next to you. What do you do? A. Kill them all! B. Help them get stronger. C. Force them to pay you for protection. D. Leave them alone.

72. “It is better to be feared than loved, if you cannot be both.” “If an injury has to be done to a man it should be so severe that his vengeance need not be feared.” “The first method for estimating the intelligence of a ruler is to look at the men he has around him.” “No enterprise is more likely to succeed than one concealed from the enemy until it is ripe for execution.”

73. Writing of the Northern Renaissance Shakespeare- Between 1590 and 1613 he wrote 37 plays –Mac Beth –Romeo and Juliet –Hamlet “To be or not to be that is the question.”

74. The Printing Revolution The printing press. By 1500 Europe had printed over 20 million books. By the next century that # was over 150 million. Dramatically increased literacy in Europe

75. The Teachings of Martin Luther German monk started the Protestant Reformation German monk started the Protestant Reformation Rejected Pope’s authority Rejected Pope’s authority Rejected selling of indulgences Rejected selling of indulgences Salvation is achieved through faith alone. The Bible is the sole source of religious truth. All Christians have equal access to God through faith and the Bible. 3

76. Calvinist Beliefs faith alone 1.Salvation through faith alone 2.Bible as only source Predestination 3.God decides fate from conception; there is an elect or chosen: Predestination 4.Why? People are sinful by nature, imperfect people can not choose God, God must choose! 5.Stressed hard work, discipline, honesty, and morality 6.Banned swearing, dancing, provocative dress, fighting no 7.Also no drinking or gambling 8.Like Luther wanted Christian education for boys and girls

77. Church of England Anglican Church Founded by Henry VIII Left Catholic Church –No heir to throne –Couldn’t get a divorce Declared the “Act of Supremacy” 1536 1.Made himself head of Church, no pope 2.Claimed all church lands for the throne 3.Allowed divorce in special circumstances 4.Church of England controlled its own finances

79. Henry wants a son…. England gets “reformed” annul In 1528, King Henry VIII asked the pope to annul, or cancel, his marriage. The pope refused Henry’s request. Henry took the Church from the pope’s control and created the Church of England. Henry’s children… Protestant King Edward VI brought Protestant reforms to England. Queen Mary wanted to restore Catholicism to England. She had hundreds of English Protestants burned at the stake. Queen Elizabeth forged a compromise between Protestants and Catholics.

81. Widespread Persecution 1.In some places, Jews were forced to live in ghettos 2.expelled from Christian lands and their books and synagogues were burned. 3.After Jews rejected his Protestant Reformation, Martin Luther wrote several anti-Semitic articles. 4 Map of Jewish expulsions and resettlement areas in Europe. 1100-1500.

82. How will the Church Respond?

83. Council of Trent Reforms 1545-1563 The Council affirmed the following beliefs: Salvation through faith & goods works Only the Church could explain the Bible Tradition is a source of religious truth, not only the Bible Pope is the highest and final authority on earth

84. The Inquisition, church court tried heretic – old news censored all Protestant textscensored all Protestant texts Destroyed and/or burned all books of the reformers Some heretics burned at the stake Witch huntsWitch hunts The Inquisition

85. Effects of the Reformation 1.End of all religious unity in Europe 2.Founding of many new religious faiths 3.Strengthening of monarchs over church authority in some areas of Europe 4.Wide-spread literacy and parochial schools 5.Increased hatred for the Jews or anti-semitism increases across Europe 6.Legacy of wonderful cultural creations

86. The Scientific Revolution 1500-1800 Demonstrated that the workings of the universe could be explained by natural causes Demonstrated that the workings of the universe could be explained by natural causes

87. Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543)  Worked in secrecy for 30 years to avoid persecution or imprisonment  He rejected the Geocentric Theory: The sun and all the planets revolve around the earth. Accepted the Heliocentric Theory: The sun is the center of the universe; all planets revolve around it. Copernicus

88. New Ways of Thinking English philosopher Francis Bacon helped to develop the scientific method Scientific truth is not assumed but instead deduced from observations and experiments Francis Bacon

90. Minor surgeries were not done in the hospital but at the local barbershop. Barber-surgeons used the same sharp instruments to cut hair as they did to lance boils, remove warts, extract teeth, and blood-let. Blood- letting is the ancient practice of draining blood out of a person to rid the body of poisons.