1. Video Questions What elements were created during the big bang?
What elements are created as fusion in stars?
What elements are created during a super nova explosion?
How does the mass of the star effect element creation?

2. Where do elements come from?
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Where do elements come from?

3. The First Elements in the Early Universe
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The First Elements in the Early Universe
Hydrogen and Helium were the first elements
Where do the other 90 naturally occurring elements originate (come) from?
Stars
Fusion in stars and Supernovae

4. Elements in the stars as viewed from Earth
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Elements in the stars as viewed from Earth

5. Elements are made in stars
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Elements are made in stars
Stars are hot ionized balls of gas (plasma) full of energy and are held together by gravity
Everything is made from the elements created in massive stars. Stars are huge factories producing the elements found in the Universe.

6. What is Nuclear Fusion? Combining of atomic nuclei
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Combining of atomic nuclei
The star creates heat and light by nuclear fusion. Light Hydrogen atoms fuse into Helium atoms.

7. Lighter Elements: Atomic # ≤ 26
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Lighter Elements: Atomic # ≤ 26
Lighter elements fuse to create heavier elements like carbon and oxygen
During the life span of a star, fusion can take place up to the formation of Iron (Fe)

8. © 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Supergiants
What happens to the high mass stars when they exhaust their He fuel?
They have enough gravitational energy to heat up to 6 x 108 K.
C fuses into O
C is exhausted, core collapses until O fuses.
The cycle repeats itself.
O  Ne  Mg  Si  Fe
© 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley

9. Heavier Elements: Atomic # > 26
Supernova
The amount of energy released is so great, that most of the elements heavier than Iron (Fe) are instantly created.
Crab Nebula in Taurus
supernova exploded in 1054

10. Tycho’s Supernova (X-rays)
Supernovae
Tycho’s Supernova (X-rays)
exploded in 1572
Veil Nebula

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After a supernova, a solar nebula is formed which contains heavier elements
This nebula forms new stars with a higher concentration of heavier elements
Our Sun has 67 different elements and is thus a later generation or “recycled” star

12. Where do elements come from?

13. Where do elements come from?
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Where do elements come from?
Big Bang
Fusion in Stars HHeC…
Supernovas - Recycled Matter