1. 3 characteristics used to delineate a wetland
Wetland hydrology
Hydrophytic vegetation
Hydric soils

2. Wetland Hydrology Waterlogged ground Water marks on trees or grasses
Saturation within 12 inches of surface
Water marks on trees or grasses
Visible mud or dry mud cracks

3. Hydrophytic Vegetation
Adapted to anaerobic soils
Buttressed trunks
Shallow root system
Floating leaves
Specialized tissue (aerenchyma) that is spongy and transports air from the leaves and stems to the roots

4. Hydric Soil Excessive moisture Rotten egg odor (hydrogen sulfide_
A predominance of decomposed organic matter
Gleyed coloring below surface or major color of soil is dark and dull

5. Coral Reef Threats
 Nitrogen and phosphorus addition can fertilize algae and result in algal blooms. Because algae can potentially grow so much faster than coral, they can out-compete corals. Creation of unwanted algae covers the coral and does not allow the zooxanthellae to perform photosynthesis. Or an algal bloom above can lessen sunlight penetration – resulting in the zooxanthellae not receiving enough sunlight
Human activities on land such as the clearing of forests, road building, and other development can lead to increased rates of sedimentation. High sediment load can reduce light penetration and reduce the photosynthetic activity of zooxanthellae. The problem of sedimentation of coral reefs has been increased by the removal of mangrove and seagrass communities that naturally filter out sediments.

6. Coral Reef Threats
Introduction of invasive species such as the lionfish, can alter trophic interactions and cause unexpected indirect effects on the environment. For example, in areas where predators have been removed increases in population size of their prey have resulted in unintended effect on the environment. An increase in herbivorous fishes in the coral reef can overeat the macroalgae of the coral and thus indirectly decreasing the biodiversity of the coral reef.
Lionfish prey on herbivorous fishes that consume macroalgae and help protect corals from algal overgrowth.
As the ocean absorbs carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, from the atmosphere, it becomes more acidic and makes it difficult for polyps to create their skeletons. The calcification rates of corals and other reef organisms has already begun to decrease, leading to fears that reef building will not keep pace with climate change. With increased CO2 in the water, coral may form weaker skeletons, making them more vulnerable to storm damage, careless tourists, and destructive fishing practices.

7. Soils of terrestrial biomes