1. Energy from Atoms, Biomass and Fossil Fuels School/program name Date

2. Background Information (for facilitator) Almost all forms of energy require some sort of fuel. A fuel is anything that is used for energy. When we hear the word fuel, we usually think of gasoline, oil, wood, and other substances that burn or combust. Most of the energy we use comes from the burning of coal. Coal forms when the remains of plants are partially decomposed and buried under sediments. As more and more sediments pile up, pressure and temperature increases, driving off methane and carbon dioxide. This is part of a process known as carbonization, which eventually leads to the formation of coal. In contrast, oil and natural gas deposits form when microorganisms and plants die in shallow lakes and seas and settle to the bottom. This decomposing organic matter is then buried by sediments and subjected to increased temperature and pressure, eventually forming oil and natural gas. The technology for nuclear energy is largely the result of the development of nuclear bombs that began during World War II. the first bombs that were created were fission bombs—they released vast amounts of energy by causing a chain reaction in which the nuclei of heavy atoms were split in a process known as fission. Later, even more powerful bombs were made by causing nuclei of heavy atoms to combine in a process known as fusion. A nuclear power plant uses the same concepts that lead to fission reactions, but at a much slower, controlled rate. Wood has been burned as a biofuel for centuries. Wood is an “energy storage device” because trees use and store energy from the sun. Ancient plants and animals store the same type and energy and become fossil fuels. Plant material that is often considered waste can also provide energy when broken down to create steam, or liquid fuel. Ethanol is a form of liquid biomass that is added to gasoline as a way to reduce the amount of fossil fuels used in cars.

3. Agenda Opening (30 minutes) Setting the Stage: Why Are Fossil Fuels Important? (15 minutes) Cyber Investigation: What Are Fossil Fuels? (40 minutes) Break (15 minutes) Activity: Drilling For Oil (60 minutes) Activity: What Is Nuclear Energy? (20 minutes) Cyber Investigation: Atomic Split (20 minutes) Activity: Chain Reaction (40 minutes) Lunch (30 minutes) Recess: Fission Game (30 minutes) Setting the Stage: Energy From Garbage (30 minutes) Cyber Activity: Future Power (30 minutes) STEM-tastic Careers (30 minutes) Mind Snacks (15 minutes) STEM Camp Notebook Reflection (10 minutes) Wrap Up (5 minutes) Dive Into Digital Project (60 minutes)

4. Learning Objectives To understand how fossil fuels formed from heat and pressure To explain how different types of fossil fuels are mined and used To understand how nuclear fission is used to generate electricity To explain how biomass contains energy that can be used to generate electricity

5. Today’s Vocabulary Fission Half-life Radioactivity Fusion Fossil Fuels Emissions

6. Setting the Stage: Why Are Fossil Fuels Important?

7. Cyber Investigation

8. Activity: Drilling for Oil

9. What Are Fossil Fuels? Video: What Are Fossil Fuels?

10. Activity: What is Nuclear Energy?

11. What Is Nuclear Energy? Video: Greatest Inventions With Bill Nye: Nuclear Power

12. Cyber Investigation

13. Activity: Chain Reaction

14. Setting the Stage: Energy from Garbage

15. Video: Energy From Olive Pits Video: Oil From Algae

16. Cyber Activity: Future Power Virtual Lab: Future Power

17. STEMtastic Careers

18. What type of educational background would you need to become a petroleum engineer? What type of educational background would you need to become a nuclear engineer? What are some of the skills you would need in order to be a good petroleum or nuclear engineer? What sorts of tools does each type of engineer use in their job? What are some interesting aspects of the work that these types of engineers do? Petroleum EngineerPetroleum Engineer vs. Nuclear EngineerNuclear Engineer

19. Mind Snacks

20. Notebook Reflection Describe two things that you learned about either fossil fuels or nuclear energy that you did not know before today. Do you believe it is worth the effort of collecting biomass from everyday garbage in order to use it for fuel?

21. Wrap Up

22. Think about this… TRUE or FALSE The electricity produced by wind turbines is only available while the wind is blowing. Humans have used wind energy for more than a thousand years.