1. By Sana Tibi, Ph.D. EGRA Workshop Washington, DC March 12 th, 2008

2. Outline Define the Instrument Procedure Domains measured Results Recommendations Safeguards

3. Domains Early Reading Screening Instrument(ERSI) (Morris, 1992) Phonological Awareness (PA) Oral-Language (Speech production) Visual-Perceptual (matching visual symbols)

4. Early Reading and Screening Instrument Subtests (ERSI) SubtestsMaximum Score Alphabet knowledge Invented spelling Word recognition Concept of word Total ERSI isolation medial Production of letters Basal Decodable 8 40 8 9 89

5. Early Reading and Screening Instrument Subtests (ERSI) SubtestsMaximum Score Phonological Awareness tasks (PA) Sound categorization Rhyming oddity Syllable deletion Phoneme segmentation Total PA Speech production tasks Multisyllabic word repetition Verbal Fluency Rapid serial naming Visual-perceptual Task 8 32 8 # of items correct & amount of time & # of items correct 8

6. Results The easiest PA task is sound categorization (first sound in a word) The most difficult is phoneme segmentation (segment words into sounds) Significant differences b/wn city & village subjects on ERSI & PA Robust correlation b/wn total ERSI scores & PA scores Moderate correlation b/wn the PA & Naming tests, and the PA & Speech production tests

7. Means & St. Deviations for all PA scores SubjectsSound Categor. OddityElisionSegmentTotal PA Males6.67 (2.11) 6.59 (1.91) 5.65 (2.42) 3.71 (3.27) 22.62 8.3 Females7.45 (1.34) 6.47 (1.80) 6.04 (2.25) 4.11 (3.12) 24.07 6.88 All Subjects7.06 (1.81) 6.53 (1.85) 5.84 (2.35) 3.88 (3.20) 23.31 7.6

8. Means & Std. Deviations for PA SubjectsTotal PA City25.02* 5.98 Camp22.09 9.82 Village20.49* 8.22 *P≤.05

9. Means & St. Deviations for ERSI Total ERSI City67.12 * 20.47 Camp65.67 24.48 54.24 * 26.63 *P≤.05

10. Recommendations Develop a standardized tool Develop a comprehensive tool Implement it on different grade levels Validity & Reliability Training-Workshops Develop instructional materials

11. Safe Guards Culturally appropriate Linguistically appropriate Type of schools (public vs private/L1 & L2) Training to carry out the tool It should not be the ONLY tool