1. Ch. 22 Chest and Abdomen

2. Objectives Describe the anatomy of the thoracic cavity.
Describe the structures and functions of the organs and respiration.
Explain the breathing and respiratory process.
Discuss the significance of chest and abdominal injuries.
List and describe the various injuries associated with the thoracic cavity.
List and describe the various injuries associated with abdominal cavity.

3. Thoracic Cavity Diaphragm up, sternum to vertebrae
Left and right pleural cavity
Tissue and organs
Esophagus
Bronchi
Lungs
Trachea
Thymus gland
Heart—Pericaridal cavity
Pleura-membrane covering lungs

5. Ribs and Sternum Sternum Ribs (12 pairs total)
Manubrium, body, Xiphoid process
Ribs (12 pairs total)
7 pairs of true ribs
Connected by cartilage to the sternum
3 pairs of false ribs
Connected to the 7th rib by cartilage
2 pairs of floating ribs
Provides protection to the thoracic cavity

6. Respiratory System
Structures responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
Also responsible for the production of sound through the vocal cords

7. Respiratory System Nasal Cavity: intakes air, filtered by cilia
Pharynx: throat, common passageway for food and air
Epiglottis
Larynx: voice box
Trachea: windpipe
Bronchi: tubes that bring air to lungs
Alveolar Sacs: oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange occurs
500 million alveoli in adult lung, 3X amount necessary to sustain life

8. Lungs 2 lungs Right lung is larger Left lung is smaller
Divided into superior, middle, and inferior lobes
Left lung is smaller
Divided into superior and inferior lobes

9. Asthma
Muscles around the airways spasm and lining inside the airway swells
Make it difficult to move air in and out
Triggered by environmental factors or exercise
S/S: coughing, wheezing, dyspnea
Treat with bronchodilators such as albuterol

10. Asthma

11. Rib Contusion
Caused by forceful blow to ribcage that bruises intercostal muscles
Pain with inhalation and exhalation
Must monitor athlete and check for signs of shock

12. Flail Chest Caused by 3 or more consecutive rib fx on the same side
Movements of breathing will be paradoxical
Fractured ribs could puncture organs
Refer to dr immediately

13. Sudden Death Syndrome Usually caused by some form of heart disease
Most common is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Marfan’s syndrome, and congenital heart disease
Give CPR until EMS arrives
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: thickening of the cardiac muscle

14. Pneumothorax Air enters thoracic cavity between chest wall and lung
Difference in pressure causes lung to collapse
Occurs when something penetrates the skin or lung tears from intense impact
Spontaneous and tension

15. Tension Pneumothorax Air enters but cannot exit.
Air accumulates with each breath
Lung will begin pressing on other lung and heart

16. Sucking Chest Wound Air moves through the space outside the lung
As air passes wound, it makes a sucking sound
Treatment: seal wound on three sides with occlusive dressing