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Colonial Empires & the American Revolution

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1 Colonial Empires & the American Revolution
Ch 10 Section 4 Colonial Empires & the American Revolution

2 Main Ideas The colonies of Latin America and British North America were developing in ways that differed from their European mother countries. The American colonies revolted against Great Britain and formed a new nation Questions to think about: What were the chief characteristics of Latin American society? What caused the American Revolution, and what did it accomplish?

3 Colonial Empires in Latin America – 16th Century
Portugal = dominate Brazil Spain = colonial empire in Western Hemisphere North America Central America South America Central & South America = Latin America

4 Latin America Spanish: Dark Purple: to 1640 Lavender: to 1750
White/light yellow: Jesuit mission states Portuguese: Dark Green: to 1640 Light Green: to 1750 Dutch Colony: orange French Colony: yellow

5 Latin America Multiracial Society Economy
Intermarriage b/w Europeans and Native Americans: Mestizos (meh- STEE-zohz) 300 years as many as 8 million African slaves were brought to Spanish & Portuguese America to work on Plantations Mulattoes: children of Africans and Europeans Economy Spanish & Portuguese – want to make $ Gold and silver Farming – landowners create large estates Native Americans either worked on estates or as poor farmers on other land Trade: gold, silver, tobacco, diamonds, sugar, animal hides

6 Latin America State & Church
Colonial officials had a lot of freedom to carry out imperial policies Christianize native peoples Catholic missionaries – Jesuits, Franciscans, & Dominicans Brought native peoples to villages, or missions, to be converted, taught trades, and encouraged to grow crops Catholic Church built cathedrals, hospitals, orphanages, and schools in the colonies Taught math, reading, and writing Women could also do something else than get married - nuns

7 Britain & British North America
Governments of Scotland & England united in 1707 British: Scots and English Parliament Make laws Levy taxes Pass the budget Indirectly influence the ministers of the monarch England’s Parliament Building – not original – built in the mid 1800s Original burned in a fire

8 Britain & British North America
Hanoverians dynasty Queen Anne (Stuart) died without an heir Protestant rules of the German state of Hanover took over George I & George II does not know English – how does this effect the influence of chief ministers to the monarch? Chief ministers were allowed to handle Parliament Growing middle class = want for expansion of trade and Britain’s empire William Pitt the Elder: “Prime Minister” – known then as head of cabinet Acquired Canada & India in 7 Years War 13 colonies in North America: technically British Board of Trade, Royal Council, & Parliament ran the colonies – didn’t work that way

9 The American Revolution
Britain wanted more $....soooo….. Stamp Act (1765): required colonists pay a tax on any legal documents & newspapers – overturned in 1766 but started a larger dispute Colonists meet in the 1st Continental Congress in 1774 – Philidelphia Fighting begins in April 1775 in Lexington & Concord, Mass. Video 2nd Continental Congress after fighting and formed the Continental Army – George Washington as commander in chief July 4th, 1776 Declaration of Independence – based on ideas of John Locke

10 Foreign Support French supplied arms and money to the colonists
French officers also served in Washington’s army 1778 granted diplomatic recognition to American state Spain & Dutch helped too War ends in 1781 in Yorktown Treaty of Paris signed in 1783 Recognized independence of American colonies Control of the western territory from the Appalachians to the Mississippi River

11 Birth of a New Nation The creation of the Constitution = Enlightenment concepts of liberty and representative government a reality The new states were wary of a united nation with a strong central government 1787: 55 delegates meet – Constitutional Convention Federal system in which power is shared between national government and state governments National/federal gov: levy taxes, raise an army, regulate trade, & create currency Federal Gov: 3 branches: Legislative, Executive, Judicial

12 Branches of Government – Checks & Balances
Executive President serves as chief executive Execute laws Veto Supervise foreign affairs Direct military forces Legislative House of Representatives (elected directly by the people) & Senate (elected by state legislatures) Judicial Supreme Court and other courts “as deemed necessary”

13 The Bill of Rights 1789: 12 amendments – 10 approved
Guarantee freedom of: Religion Speech Press Petition Assembly Bear arms Trial by jury Due process of law Protection of property rights Protection against unreasonable searches American Revolution = Enlightenment’s political dreams

14 Impact of the Enlightenment
Discussion

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