1. CHAPTER 6 Enlightenment Thinkers

2. Nicolaus Copernicus Symbol: Sun Nationality: Polish Date of Birth: February 19, 1473 Date of Death: May 24, 1543 Main Ideas: Heliocentric Theory Quote: “To know that we know what we know, and to know that we do not know what we do not know, that is true knowledge.” Significance: He established that the stars, earth, & the other planets revolved around the sun rather than the earth.

3. Galileo Galilei Symbol: Telescope Nationality: Italian Date of Birth: February 15, 1564 Date of Death: January 8, 1642 Main Ideas: Scientific Discoveries, Heliocentric Theory Quote: “All truths are easy to understand once they are discovered; the point is to discover them.” Significance: He accounted for several key advances in astronomy. Including the law of pendulum and the fact the falling objects accelerate at fixed and predictable rates. He made key discoveries about planet surfaces. His work supported the Heliocentric Theory

4. Francis Bacon Symbol: Bacon Nationality: English Date of Birth: Date of Death: Main Idea: Scientific Method, Experimental Method Quote: Significance: He urged scientists to experiment before drawing conclusions. He helped create scientific method.

5. Rene Descartes Symbol: ? Nationality: French Date of Birth: Date of Death: Main Idea: Scientific Method, Analytical Geometry Quote: Significance: He urged scientist to rely on mathematics and logic to reach fundamental truths about the natural word. Linked algebra and geometry. Helped create scientific method.

6. Thomas Hobbes Symbol: Scale Nationality: English Date of Birth: Date of Death: Main Idea: Social Contract Quote: Significance: He did not trust humans. He believed all humans were naturally selfish and sinful. He favored a strong government to keep order.

7. John Locke Symbol: Master Lock Nationality: English Date of Birth: Date of Death: Main Idea: Natural Rights, Self-Government, People are free & equal Quote: Significance: He believed in Life, Liberty, & Property. He taught that the purpose of government was to protect the people. If a government failed to do so, citizens have a right to overthrow it.

8. Baron de Montesquieu Symbol: Mountains Nationality: French Date of Birth: Date of Death: Main Idea: Separation of Power Quote: Significance: He proposed that separation of powers would keep any individual or group from gaining total control of a government.

9. Voltaire Symbol: Joker Card Nationality: French Date of Birth: Date of Death: Main Idea: Combats Intolerance Quote: Significance: His masterful use of satire got him into frequent trouble with the clergy, the aristocracy, and the government of France. He never stopped fighting for tolerance, reason, freedom of religion, and freedom of speech.

10. Jean-Jacques Rousseau Symbol: heart being fired on with arrows Nationality: Swiss Date of Birth: Date of Death: Main Idea: Individual Freedom Quote: Significance: He strongly disagreed with other philosophes on a number of matters. He argued that civilization corrupts people’s natural goodness.