Anatomic Definitions 1 * Introduce Chapter 1 Goals

Anatomic Definitions 1 * Introduce Chapter 1 Goals
The goals of this chapter are to introduce the systemic approach that this text takes toward the topic of anatomy and physiology, while keeping in focus the practice of the EMT-Paramedic in the field. This chapter introduces basic descriptive terms and the case study format that will be used in each chapter of the book. Key positional terms are discussed, as well as definitions of anatomy and physiology. Instructor Directions 1.Direct the students to review the case study in the chapter and discuss the questions that accompany it. 2.Introduce the key terms that are used in the chapter. 3.Assign the students, either in groups or individually, to prepare an example of how an understanding of this chapter will aid the EMT-Paramedic in his/her clinical practice in the field.

Human Anatomy and Physiology for Paramedics, AAOS
Objectives Define the terms: anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology, and homeostasis Define the terms: anatomic position; sagittal, midsagittal, transverse, and frontal planes Use proper terminology to describe the location of body parts with respect to one another Objectives Define the terms: anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology, and homeostasis. Define the terms: anatomic position; sagittal, midsagittal, transverse, and frontal planes. Use proper terminology to describe the location of body parts with respect to one another. Human Anatomy and Physiology for Paramedics, AAOS

Anatomic Position (1 of 3)
Topographic anatomy Terms that describe the position and movement of the body Anatomic position Universal position from which all body positions and movements are described * Anatomy I. The Anatomic Position A. Topographic (regional) anatomy - Terms that describe the position and movement of the body. B. Anatomic position - Universal position from which all body positions and movements are described. 1. Patient is standing upright, facing the observer, with the arms straight and the palms of the hands forward. C. Directional terms - Always pertain to the patient's right or left. Human Anatomy and Physiology for Paramedics, AAOS

Universal position Subject stands upright, facing the observer with arms straight and palms forward * Anatomy I. The Anatomic Position A. Topographic (regional) anatomy - Terms that describe the position and movement of the body. B. Anatomic position - Universal position from which all body positions and movements are described. 1. Patient is standing upright, facing the observer, with the arms straight and the palms of the hands forward. C. Directional terms - Always pertain to the patient's right or left. Human Anatomy and Physiology for Paramedics, AAOS

Directional terms Always pertain to the patient’s right or left * Anatomy I. The Anatomic Position A. Topographic (regional) anatomy - Terms that describe the position and movement of the body. B. Anatomic position - Universal position from which all body positions and movements are described. 1. Patient is standing upright, facing the observer, with the arms straight and the palms of the hands forward. C. Directional terms - Always pertain to the patient's right or left. Human Anatomy and Physiology for Paramedics, AAOS

Anatomic Planes (1 of 5) Frontal (coronal) plane Divides the body into front and back parts Anterior or ventral Situated toward the front of the body Posterior or dorsal Situated toward the back of the body II. Anatomic Planes A. Planes (flat surfaces) can be imagined to pass through the body in the anatomic position. 1. Frontal (coronal) Plane - Divides the body into front and back parts. i. Anterior or Ventral - Situated toward the front of the body. ii. Posterior or Dorsal - Situated toward the back of the body. 2. Transverse (cross-horizontal) Plane - Divides the body into the cranial and caudad parts. i. Cranial (cephelad) or Superior - Refers to a structure that is closer to the head or higher than another structure. ii. Caudad or Inferior - Refers to a structure that is closer to the feet or lower than another structure. 3. Median (midsagittal) Plane or Midline - Passes longitudinally from front to back through the middle of the body and divides the body into left and right halves. i. Medial - Situated toward the midline (central portion) of a structure or organ. ii. Lateral - Situated away from the midline (central portion) of a structure or organ. 4. Sagittal Plane - Vertical plane parallel to the median plane that divides the body into unequal left and right parts. Human Anatomy and Physiology for Paramedics, AAOS

Anatomic Planes (2 of 5) Transverse (cross-horizontal) plane Divides the body into the cranial and caudad parts Cranial (cephalad) or superior Refers to a structure that is closer to the head or higher than another structure Caudad or inferior Refers to a structure that is closer to the feet or lower than another structure II. Anatomic Planes A. Planes (flat surfaces) can be imagined to pass through the body in the anatomic position. 1. Frontal (coronal) Plane - Divides the body into front and back parts. i. Anterior or Ventral - Situated toward the front of the body. ii. Posterior or Dorsal - Situated toward the back of the body. 2. Transverse (cross-horizontal) Plane - Divides the body into the cranial and caudad parts. i. Cranial (cephelad) or Superior - Refers to a structure that is closer to the head or higher than another structure. ii. Caudad or Inferior - Refers to a structure that is closer to the feet or lower than another structure. 3. Median (midsagittal) Plane or Midline - Passes longitudinally from front to back through the middle of the body and divides the body into left and right halves. i. Medial - Situated toward the midline (central portion) of a structure or organ. ii. Lateral - Situated away from the midline (central portion) of a structure or organ. 4. Sagittal Plane - Vertical plane parallel to the median plane that divides the body into unequal left and right parts. Human Anatomy and Physiology for Paramedics, AAOS

Anatomic Planes (3 of 5) Median (midsagittal) plane or midline Passes longitudinally from front to back through the middle of the body and divides the body into left and right halves Medial Situated toward the midline of a structure or organ Lateral Situated away from the midline of a structure or organ II. Anatomic Planes A. Planes (flat surfaces) can be imagined to pass through the body in the anatomic position. 1. Frontal (coronal) Plane - Divides the body into front and back parts. i. Anterior or Ventral - Situated toward the front of the body. ii. Posterior or Dorsal - Situated toward the back of the body. 2. Transverse (cross-horizontal) Plane - Divides the body into the cranial and caudad parts. i. Cranial (cephelad) or Superior - Refers to a structure that is closer to the head or higher than another structure. ii. Caudad or Inferior - Refers to a structure that is closer to the feet or lower than another structure. 3. Median (midsagittal) Plane or Midline - Passes longitudinally from front to back through the middle of the body and divides the body into left and right halves. i. Medial - Situated toward the midline (central portion) of a structure or organ. ii. Lateral - Situated away from the midline (central portion) of a structure or organ. 4. Sagittal Plane - Vertical plane parallel to the median plane that divides the body into unequal left and right parts. Human Anatomy and Physiology for Paramedics, AAOS

Anatomic Planes (4 of 5) Sagittal plane Vertical plane parallel to the median plane, dividing the body into unequal left and right parts II. Anatomic Planes A. Planes (flat surfaces) can be imagined to pass through the body in the anatomic position. 1. Frontal (coronal) Plane - Divides the body into front and back parts. i. Anterior or Ventral - Situated toward the front of the body. ii. Posterior or Dorsal - Situated toward the back of the body. 2. Transverse (cross-horizontal) Plane - Divides the body into the cranial and caudad parts. i. Cranial (cephelad) or Superior - Refers to a structure that is closer to the head or higher than another structure. ii. Caudad or Inferior - Refers to a structure that is closer to the feet or lower than another structure. 3. Median (midsagittal) Plane or Midline - Passes longitudinally from front to back through the middle of the body and divides the body into left and right halves. i. Medial - Situated toward the midline (central portion) of a structure or organ. ii. Lateral - Situated away from the midline (central portion) of a structure or organ. 4. Sagittal Plane - Vertical plane parallel to the median plane that divides the body into unequal left and right parts. Human Anatomy and Physiology for Paramedics, AAOS

Anatomic Planes (5 of 5) II. Anatomic Planes A. Planes (flat surfaces) can be imagined to pass through the body in the anatomic position. 1. Frontal (coronal) Plane - Divides the body into front and back parts. i. Anterior or Ventral - Situated toward the front of the body. ii. Posterior or Dorsal - Situated toward the back of the body. 2. Transverse (cross-horizontal) Plane - Divides the body into the cranial and caudad parts. i. Cranial (cephelad) or Superior - Refers to a structure that is closer to the head or higher than another structure. ii. Caudad or Inferior - Refers to a structure that is closer to the feet or lower than another structure. 3. Median (midsagittal) Plane or Midline - Passes longitudinally from front to back through the middle of the body and divides the body into left and right halves. i. Medial - Situated toward the midline (central portion) of a structure or organ. ii. Lateral - Situated away from the midline (central portion) of a structure or organ. 4. Sagittal Plane - Vertical plane parallel to the median plane that divides the body into unequal left and right parts. Human Anatomy and Physiology for Paramedics, AAOS

Proximal and Distal Proximal Nearer to or toward the trunk of the body Distal Farther from the trunk and toward the free end of an extremity B. Terms describing the relationship of any two structures on an extremity. 1. Proximal - Nearer to or toward the trunk of the body 2. Distal - Farther from the trunk and toward the free end of an extremity Human Anatomy and Physiology for Paramedics, AAOS

Imaginary Lines (1 of 2) Midaxillary line Vertical line drawn through the axilla to the waist Anterior axillary line Parallel line drawn just an inch or so in front of the midaxillary line Posterior axillary line A parallel line drawn an inch or so behind the midaxillary line C. Imaginary lines used to describe the location of an injury or landmark on the body. 1. Midaxillary line - Vertical line drawn through the axilla (armpit) to the waist. 2. Anterior axillary line - Parallel line drawn approximately an inch in front of the midaxillary line. 3. Posterior axillary line - Parallel line drawn approximately an inch behind the midaxillary line. 4. Midclavicular line - Vertical line through the middle portion of the clavicle and parallel to the midline. Human Anatomy and Physiology for Paramedics, AAOS

Imaginary Lines (2 of 2) Midclavicular line Vertical line through the middle portion of the clavicle and parallel to the midline C. Imaginary lines used to describe the location of an injury or landmark on the body. 1. Midaxillary line - Vertical line drawn through the axilla (armpit) to the waist. 2. Anterior axillary line - Parallel line drawn approximately an inch in front of the midaxillary line. 3. Posterior axillary line - Parallel line drawn approximately an inch behind the midaxillary line. 4. Midclavicular line - Vertical line through the middle portion of the clavicle and parallel to the midline. Human Anatomy and Physiology for Paramedics, AAOS

Abdominal Quadrants (1 of 2)
Right upper quadrant Left upper quadrant Right lower quadrant Left lower quadrant III. Abdominal Quadrants A. Boundaries - Imaginary vertical line drawn from the inferior tip of the sternum to the genital area and a horizontal line drawn from the iliac crests straight across the umbilicus that identifies the four abdominal quadrants. 1. Right upper quadrant 2. Left upper quadrant 3. Right lower quadrant 4. Left lower quadrant B. Purpose of boundaries 1. Specific organs are located in each of the four quadrants, and pain or injury can be described as being in a quadrant. Human Anatomy and Physiology for Paramedics, AAOS

Abdominal Quadrants (2 of 2)
Purpose of boundaries Specific organs are located in each of the four quadrants, and pain or injury can be described as being in a quadrant III. Abdominal Quadrants A. Boundaries - Imaginary vertical line drawn from the inferior tip of the sternum to the genital area and a horizontal line drawn from the iliac crests straight across the umbilicus that identifies the four abdominal quadrants. 1. Right upper quadrant 2. Left upper quadrant 3. Right lower quadrant 4. Left lower quadrant B. Purpose of boundaries 1. Specific organs are located in each of the four quadrants, and pain or injury can be described as being in a quadrant. Human Anatomy and Physiology for Paramedics, AAOS

Movement (1 of 7) Range of motion (ROM) The full distance that a joint can be moved * Movement and Positions I. Movement A. All movements of the body can be broken down into a series of simple components and described with specific terms. 1. Range of motion (ROM) - The full distance that a joint can be moved. 2. Flexion - Moving a distal point of an extremity closer to the trunk from the anatomic position. i. Flexion of the elbow brings the hand closer to the shoulder. ii. Flexion of the knee brings the foot up to the buttocks. iii. Flexion of the fingers forms the hand into a fist. 3. Extension - Motion associated with the return of a body part from a flexed position to the anatomic position. i. In the anatomic position, all extremities are in extension. ii. A patient's neck can be in one of several positions when the patient is found in the supine position. a. Neutral b. Extension c. Flexion 4. Internal Rotation - Turning an extremity medially toward the midline. i. The lower extremity is internally rotated when the toes are turned inward. 5. External Rotation - Turning an extremity away from the midline. i. In an anterior hip dislocation, the foot is externally rotated and the head of the femur is palpable in the inguinal area. ii. In the more common posterior hip dislocation, the knee and foot usually are flexed internally. 6. Rotation can be applied to the spine. i. Spine is rotated when it twists on its axis. ii. Placing the chin on the shoulder rotates the cervical spine. 7. Abduction - Moves an extremity away from the midline. 8. Adduction - Moves an extremity toward the midline. Human Anatomy and Physiology for Paramedics, AAOS

Movement (2 of 7) Flexion From the anatomic position, moving a distal point of an extremity closer to the trunk Flexion of the elbow brings the hand closer to the shoulder Flexion of the knee brings the foot up to the buttocks Flexion of the fingers forms the hand into a fist * Movement and Positions I. Movement A. All movements of the body can be broken down into a series of simple components and described with specific terms. 1. Range of motion (ROM) - The full distance that a joint can be moved. 2. Flexion - Moving a distal point of an extremity closer to the trunk from the anatomic position. i. Flexion of the elbow brings the hand closer to the shoulder. ii. Flexion of the knee brings the foot up to the buttocks. iii. Flexion of the fingers forms the hand into a fist. 3. Extension - Motion associated with the return of a body part from a flexed position to the anatomic position. i. In the anatomic position, all extremities are in extension. ii. A patient's neck can be in one of several positions when the patient is found in the supine position. a. Neutral b. Extension c. Flexion 4. Internal Rotation - Turning an extremity medially toward the midline. i. The lower extremity is internally rotated when the toes are turned inward. 5. External Rotation - Turning an extremity away from the midline. i. In an anterior hip dislocation, the foot is externally rotated and the head of the femur is palpable in the inguinal area. ii. In the more common posterior hip dislocation, the knee and foot usually are flexed internally. 6. Rotation can be applied to the spine. i. Spine is rotated when it twists on its axis. ii. Placing the chin on the shoulder rotates the cervical spine. 7. Abduction - Moves an extremity away from the midline. 8. Adduction - Moves an extremity toward the midline. Human Anatomy and Physiology for Paramedics, AAOS

Movement (3 of 7) Extension Motion associated with the return of a body part from a flexed position to the anatomic position In the anatomic position, all extremities are in extension * Movement and Positions I. Movement A. All movements of the body can be broken down into a series of simple components and described with specific terms. 1. Range of motion (ROM) - The full distance that a joint can be moved. 2. Flexion - Moving a distal point of an extremity closer to the trunk from the anatomic position. i. Flexion of the elbow brings the hand closer to the shoulder. ii. Flexion of the knee brings the foot up to the buttocks. iii. Flexion of the fingers forms the hand into a fist. 3. Extension - Motion associated with the return of a body part from a flexed position to the anatomic position. i. In the anatomic position, all extremities are in extension. ii. A patient's neck can be in one of several positions when the patient is found in the supine position. a. Neutral b. Extension c. Flexion 4. Internal Rotation - Turning an extremity medially toward the midline. i. The lower extremity is internally rotated when the toes are turned inward. 5. External Rotation - Turning an extremity away from the midline. i. In an anterior hip dislocation, the foot is externally rotated and the head of the femur is palpable in the inguinal area. ii. In the more common posterior hip dislocation, the knee and foot usually are flexed internally. 6. Rotation can be applied to the spine. i. Spine is rotated when it twists on its axis. ii. Placing the chin on the shoulder rotates the cervical spine. 7. Abduction - Moves an extremity away from the midline. 8. Adduction - Moves an extremity toward the midline. Human Anatomy and Physiology for Paramedics, AAOS

Movement (4 of 7) Possible neck positions when the patient is found in the supine position: Neutral Extension Flexion * Movement and Positions I. Movement A. All movements of the body can be broken down into a series of simple components and described with specific terms. 1. Range of motion (ROM) - The full distance that a joint can be moved. 2. Flexion - Moving a distal point of an extremity closer to the trunk from the anatomic position. i. Flexion of the elbow brings the hand closer to the shoulder. ii. Flexion of the knee brings the foot up to the buttocks. iii. Flexion of the fingers forms the hand into a fist. 3. Extension - Motion associated with the return of a body part from a flexed position to the anatomic position. i. In the anatomic position, all extremities are in extension. ii. A patient's neck can be in one of several positions when the patient is found in the supine position. a. Neutral b. Extension c. Flexion 4. Internal Rotation - Turning an extremity medially toward the midline. i. The lower extremity is internally rotated when the toes are turned inward. 5. External Rotation - Turning an extremity away from the midline. i. In an anterior hip dislocation, the foot is externally rotated and the head of the femur is palpable in the inguinal area. ii. In the more common posterior hip dislocation, the knee and foot usually are flexed internally. 6. Rotation can be applied to the spine. i. Spine is rotated when it twists on its axis. ii. Placing the chin on the shoulder rotates the cervical spine. 7. Abduction - Moves an extremity away from the midline. 8. Adduction - Moves an extremity toward the midline. Human Anatomy and Physiology for Paramedics, AAOS

Movement (5 of 7) Internal rotation Describes turning an extremity medially toward the midline External rotation Describes turning an extremity away from the midline * Movement and Positions I. Movement A. All movements of the body can be broken down into a series of simple components and described with specific terms. 1. Range of motion (ROM) - The full distance that a joint can be moved. 2. Flexion - Moving a distal point of an extremity closer to the trunk from the anatomic position. i. Flexion of the elbow brings the hand closer to the shoulder. ii. Flexion of the knee brings the foot up to the buttocks. iii. Flexion of the fingers forms the hand into a fist. 3. Extension - Motion associated with the return of a body part from a flexed position to the anatomic position. i. In the anatomic position, all extremities are in extension. ii. A patient's neck can be in one of several positions when the patient is found in the supine position. a. Neutral b. Extension c. Flexion 4. Internal Rotation - Turning an extremity medially toward the midline. i. The lower extremity is internally rotated when the toes are turned inward. 5. External Rotation - Turning an extremity away from the midline. i. In an anterior hip dislocation, the foot is externally rotated and the head of the femur is palpable in the inguinal area. ii. In the more common posterior hip dislocation, the knee and foot usually are flexed internally. 6. Rotation can be applied to the spine. i. Spine is rotated when it twists on its axis. ii. Placing the chin on the shoulder rotates the cervical spine. 7. Abduction - Moves an extremity away from the midline. 8. Adduction - Moves an extremity toward the midline. Human Anatomy and Physiology for Paramedics, AAOS

Movement (6 of 7) Rotation can be applied to the spine Spine is rotated when it twists on its axis Placing the chin on the shoulder rotates the cervical spine * Movement and Positions I. Movement A. All movements of the body can be broken down into a series of simple components and described with specific terms. 1. Range of motion (ROM) - The full distance that a joint can be moved. 2. Flexion - Moving a distal point of an extremity closer to the trunk from the anatomic position. i. Flexion of the elbow brings the hand closer to the shoulder. ii. Flexion of the knee brings the foot up to the buttocks. iii. Flexion of the fingers forms the hand into a fist. 3. Extension - Motion associated with the return of a body part from a flexed position to the anatomic position. i. In the anatomic position, all extremities are in extension. ii. A patient's neck can be in one of several positions when the patient is found in the supine position. a. Neutral b. Extension c. Flexion 4. Internal Rotation - Turning an extremity medially toward the midline. i. The lower extremity is internally rotated when the toes are turned inward. 5. External Rotation - Turning an extremity away from the midline. i. In an anterior hip dislocation, the foot is externally rotated and the head of the femur is palpable in the inguinal area. ii. In the more common posterior hip dislocation, the knee and foot usually are flexed internally. 6. Rotation can be applied to the spine. i. Spine is rotated when it twists on its axis. ii. Placing the chin on the shoulder rotates the cervical spine. 7. Abduction - Moves an extremity away from the midline. 8. Adduction - Moves an extremity toward the midline. Human Anatomy and Physiology for Paramedics, AAOS

Movement (7 of 7) Abduction Moves an extremity away from the midline Adduction Moves the extremity toward the midline * Movement and Positions I. Movement A. All movements of the body can be broken down into a series of simple components and described with specific terms. 1. Range of motion (ROM) - The full distance that a joint can be moved. 2. Flexion - Moving a distal point of an extremity closer to the trunk from the anatomic position. i. Flexion of the elbow brings the hand closer to the shoulder. ii. Flexion of the knee brings the foot up to the buttocks. iii. Flexion of the fingers forms the hand into a fist. 3. Extension - Motion associated with the return of a body part from a flexed position to the anatomic position. i. In the anatomic position, all extremities are in extension. ii. A patient's neck can be in one of several positions when the patient is found in the supine position. a. Neutral b. Extension c. Flexion 4. Internal Rotation - Turning an extremity medially toward the midline. i. The lower extremity is internally rotated when the toes are turned inward. 5. External Rotation - Turning an extremity away from the midline. i. In an anterior hip dislocation, the foot is externally rotated and the head of the femur is palpable in the inguinal area. ii. In the more common posterior hip dislocation, the knee and foot usually are flexed internally. 6. Rotation can be applied to the spine. i. Spine is rotated when it twists on its axis. ii. Placing the chin on the shoulder rotates the cervical spine. 7. Abduction - Moves an extremity away from the midline. 8. Adduction - Moves an extremity toward the midline. Human Anatomy and Physiology for Paramedics, AAOS

Positions (1 of 5) Recumbent The patient is lying down or leaning back Supine A body that is resting on its back with the face upward II. Positions A. Recumbent - Patient is lying down or leaning back. B. Supine - A body resting on its back with the face upward. C. Prone - A body lying with the face and abdomen downward. D. Fowler's - Patient who is sitting up. 1. Semi-Fowler's - Patient who is sitting up but with the upper body slightly leaning back. E. Trendelenburg's - A modification of the supine position for patients with symptoms of hypoperfusion. 1. The patient has his lower extremities elevated approximately 12" to help blood flow to the torso and brain. F. Recovery (left lateral recumbent) - Used for patients who have not sustained trauma to the neck or back but who need to be placed in a position where fluids can drain from the mouth. Human Anatomy and Physiology for Paramedics, AAOS

Positions (2 of 5) Prone A body that is lying with the face and abdomen downward II. Positions A. Recumbent - Patient is lying down or leaning back. B. Supine - A body resting on its back with the face upward. C. Prone - A body lying with the face and abdomen downward. D. Fowler's - Patient who is sitting up. 1. Semi-Fowler's - Patient who is sitting up but with the upper body slightly leaning back. E. Trendelenburg's - A modification of the supine position for patients with symptoms of hypoperfusion. 1. The patient has his lower extremities elevated approximately 12" to help blood flow to the torso and brain. F. Recovery (left lateral recumbent) - Used for patients who have not sustained trauma to the neck or back but who need to be placed in a position where fluids can drain from the mouth. Human Anatomy and Physiology for Paramedics, AAOS

Positions (3 of 5) Fowler's A patient who is sitting up Semi-Fowler's A patient who is sitting up but with the upper body slightly leaning back II. Positions A. Recumbent - Patient is lying down or leaning back. B. Supine - A body resting on its back with the face upward. C. Prone - A body lying with the face and abdomen downward. D. Fowler's - Patient who is sitting up. 1. Semi-Fowler's - Patient who is sitting up but with the upper body slightly leaning back. E. Trendelenburg's - A modification of the supine position for patients with symptoms of hypoperfusion. 1. The patient has his lower extremities elevated approximately 12" to help blood flow to the torso and brain. F. Recovery (left lateral recumbent) - Used for patients who have not sustained trauma to the neck or back but who need to be placed in a position where fluids can drain from the mouth. Human Anatomy and Physiology for Paramedics, AAOS

Positions (4 of 5) Trendelenburg's A modification of the supine position for patients with symptoms of hypoperfusion The patient has lower extremities elevated approximately 12" to help blood flow to the torso and brain II. Positions A. Recumbent - Patient is lying down or leaning back. B. Supine - A body resting on its back with the face upward. C. Prone - A body lying with the face and abdomen downward. D. Fowler's - Patient who is sitting up. 1. Semi-Fowler's - Patient who is sitting up but with the upper body slightly leaning back. E. Trendelenburg's - A modification of the supine position for patients with symptoms of hypoperfusion. 1. The patient has his lower extremities elevated approximately 12" to help blood flow to the torso and brain. F. Recovery (left lateral recumbent) - Used for patients who have not sustained trauma to the neck or back but who need to be placed in a position where fluids can drain from the mouth. Human Anatomy and Physiology for Paramedics, AAOS

Positions (5 of 5) Recovery Used for patients who have not sustained trauma to the neck or back Used to help drain fluids from the mouth II. Positions A. Recumbent - Patient is lying down or leaning back. B. Supine - A body resting on its back with the face upward. C. Prone - A body lying with the face and abdomen downward. D. Fowler's - Patient who is sitting up. 1. Semi-Fowler's - Patient who is sitting up but with the upper body slightly leaning back. E. Trendelenburg's - A modification of the supine position for patients with symptoms of hypoperfusion. 1. The patient has his lower extremities elevated approximately 12" to help blood flow to the torso and brain. F. Recovery (left lateral recumbent) - Used for patients who have not sustained trauma to the neck or back but who need to be placed in a position where fluids can drain from the mouth. Human Anatomy and Physiology for Paramedics, AAOS

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Anatomic Definitions 1 * Introduce Chapter 1 Goals

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