1. Multimedia Multimedia Industries WJEC GCSE ICT

2. Starter Multimedia is the combination of different elements: Multimedia is used in many different places: SoundTextAnimationVideoInteractivity EducationEntertainmentBusinessSociety

3. New Trends in Multimedia E-Book readers Smart phones 3D TV X-BOX Kinect Magazines with Video Ads. Tablet PCs (iPad etc.)

4. Multimedia in Education Multimedia is everywhere in education. How is each device shown below used? Interactive Whiteboard Graphics Tablet Activ-Voting Sound Video Smart Phones Tablet (iPad) Netbooks

5. Multimedia in Entertainment Multimedia is everywhere in entertainment. How is each device shown below used? Digital TV 3D TV Smart Phones iPod / MP3 Video Games Consoles Tablet (iPad) DVD TechnologyDigital Catch-up

6. Multimedia in Business Multimedia is everywhere in business. How is each device shown below used? Smart Phones Presentation Sound Video VOIP Services The internet Social Media

7. Multimedia in Society Multimedia is everywhere in society. How is each device shown below used? Smart Phones Traffic Systems Sound Video Public Information Systems The internet Social MediaGPS Systems

8. Multimedia Hardware Remember, multimedia takes up a LOT of space. It also takes a lot of memory and processing power to display and use multimedia on a computer – which can slow a computer down!

9. Screens Screen size – Different sizes and uses (TV, Monitor, Screens etc.). Screen Resolution – Measured in pixels per cm – governs the quality. The more pixels the better the quality. TFT (Thin Film Transistor) & LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) – Light, cheap and do not take up a lot of space. Plasma – can be larger than LCD screens. (Don’t forget we now have LED screens, 3D, HD and Ultra High-Def)

10. Input Devices WHY are each of these needed and what do they do? Microphone Graphics Tablet Mouse Touch Screen

11. Sound Devices MIDI devices (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) A go between musical devices and a computer. Converts signals from a device (e.g. keyboard) into something the computer can understand.

12. DIGITAL CAMERAS AND DV CAMS

13. Megapixels explained The number of pixels in the image. The higher the DPI the closer the pixels are together. MP governs the SIZE more than he quality.

14. Camera Technologies Digital CamerasDigital Video Cameras All stored digitally – no developing. A range of effects (red eye, steady shot, face recognition, geo-tagging, B&W, mosaic etc.) High optical zoom Can support HD, 3D and Video Direct posting to social networks Available in very high MP Can be stored digitally (DVD, SD etc.) or on tape. Can shoot in HD, 3D Can stream online Range of effects Can take pictures as well as video. High MP for shooting video LCD Preview screen.

15. But what about web cams? Good enough for using online. Can take simple pictures – limited effects. Low quality MP – but good enough for online. Used for instant messaging, remote meetings, video conferencing etc. Often built in to computers (laptops and Apples)

16. Interactive Components Keyword Searches Links Why are they used?

17. Quizzes Combines lots of different multimedia: video, sound, text and images Can be created online and in software such as PowerPoint or Flash. Can be used to check learning, gain feedback or just for fun! Where would quizzes be used?

18. Questionnaires These can be used in a range of places to obtain feedback from a range of people.

19. Gaming Games use a massive array of multimedia. Intense sound, graphics and text are used with a lot of interaction with the user. Requires specialist, hi-spec hardware to cope with the level of graphics and processing speed.

20. What is good and bad about each method? MultimediaHow can it be stored (where does it come from) Text Typed into a word processing document. Found online in web pages Sound Capture yourself in recording software Mix yourself Online libraries CD’s etc.. Can be linked or embedded into multimedia – GOOD or BAD? Graphics Scan in from different places: books, magazines etc. Find online Capture yourself Clip-Art Draw them yourself in graphics software Video Capture yourself Online Video libraries Animation Capture yourself Online Make using online sites

21. Linking Vs. Embedding Linking – This is where a multimedia product (e.g. game, presentation etc.) finds the video, animation or sound and displays it. It is a separate file on the disk. Embedding – this is where the actual item is inside the product. Embedding makes the product MUCH larger, but does keep everything in one place. Linking keep all files separate making changes more simpler. An example would be that you can LINK or EMBED a video inside powerpoint. What is good and bad about these options?

22. Multimedia Software AdvantagesDisadvantages Can combine images, text, video, sound etc. Multimedia files can take up a lot of space. Can provide interactivity (links etc.)Can take a long time to create files Better than just displaying textTakes a lot of processing power Allows for more creativityGames interaction can be addicting leading to other issues (remember unit 1). Explains ideas more clearly.

24. Basics PIXEL a coloured dot in an image. BITMAP an image made up of pixels each having their own colour information. VECTOR IMAGE an image made up of shapes and lines. IMAGE RESOLUTION the amount of detail in an image.

25. Bitmap Images (AKA: Raster Images) Pixel based images Location and colour information is stored about every single pixel in the picture. Individual pixels can be changed. Resolution based. Stretching them, stretches the pixels and loses quality. Can be created in Paint, Photoshop etc.

26. Vector Mathematically based pictures. Made up of lines, shapes etc (objects). Objects are independent of one another. Have smooth edges. Good for precise drawing. Easily scalable (as they are not pixel based). E.gs include JPEG (we will look at file types later) Mainly used for photography / capturing real images. Created in drawing programs such as Serif Draw, Illustrator or PhotoShop

27. The Difference Between the Two

28. Simply Put Which is a bitmap / raster? Which is a vector? WHY?

29. BMP Vs. Vector Bitmaps – made of millions of pixels – massive files. Vectors – uses maths to calculate shapes etc. Vectors can be stretched etc. without losing quality Take up a lot less space than bmps Used for things such as maps, guides, diagrams etc. – for precision. Used on the web – for their fast download speed (small file size) Portable – work in a wide range of software Bitmaps Can become blurred if over stretched Large file sizes

30. Finally: DPI & Resolution Resolution determines the image quality. The higher the resolution, the better the quality of the image. Resolution is measured in DPI (Dots Per Inch). Determines the print / display quality of an image The more ‘dots’ (pixels) that an image is made up of, the better the quality (resolution). BUT: The more dots, the bigger the file size.

31. 72DPI vs. 300DPI 72DPI – lower quality, but smaller file. Great for the web. Why? 300DPI – higher quality, large file. Great for printing. Why?

32. Backgrounds Images can have different background colours. TRANSPARENT: - Nothing at all – like drawing on glass. No memory is used for the background – reducing the size of the image. WHITE: All one colour background. Information only needs to be stored about the one colour – so some memory is used but not a great amount. Colour information only needs to be stored ONCE for the background. COLOURED / DIFFERENT – Information needs to be kept about each part of the background as it is not the same throughout – meaning the image is significantly larger.

33. File Formats There are other file types… PSD, BMP, EPS and many more… ImageDescription JPEGJoint Photographic Experts Group: Default format for digital camera. Image quality can vary. Image size can be small, making it suitable for the web. Compatible with all web browsers. 16.7million colours – supports transparency. TIFFTagged Image File Format: A bitmap image format, similar to JPEG but not used online – web browsers don’t easily support it. PNGPortable Network Graphics: Alternative to GIF. Supports 16m colours. Excellent for larger images, large file sizes though. Older web browsers don’t support PNG. GIFGraphics Interchange Format: Limited to 256 colours. Not good for detailed images, more ideal for smaller items (logos, icons etc). Compatible with all web browsers. Supports transparency. Is compressed.

34. More File Formats ImageDescription PSDPhotoshop Data File Large file – used in Photoshop. Keeps all data needed to edit an image: layers, edits etc. Used to produce final file (JPEG etc.). Very high quality – no compression. EPSEncapsulated Postscript Combines text and graphics. Rarely used for graphics – mainly for bitmaps BMPBitmaps Keeps a map of all the pixels and colour information. Massive files

35. Data Compression and Optimisation

36. Removing some content from a file which is un-needed to reduce the file size. Removes parts of a file which are not necessarily accessible by a human (visible/audible) This makes a file smaller, for sending or storage on a device. Compression 200kb87kb

37. Any really, but some typical ones… What files can be compressed? sound mp3 image video jpeg wmv

38. Advantages/Disadvantages to Compression Advantages: Faster uploads/downloads Saves memory/storage (space) / saves hard disc space (Not ‘saves space’) Ability to email some compressed files File size smaller Disadvantages: Loss in quality / reduction in number of colours / becomes blurry Slower access of compressed data / decompression needed when opening file More resources intense when accessing compressed files

39. Put simply optimisation is the reduction of a file size Files are often optimised in order to be put onto a website Optimised files, because they are smaller, load onto webpages more quickly and save memory space Optimised files can lose quality if the file size is made smaller Optimisation

40. Portable equipment (e.g. mp3 players, cameras etc.) Website designers Accessing a website Fast copying of files Why do we compress

41. AdvantagesDisadvantages More files can be stored on a storage device. E.g. more images on a memory card. Quality of the image will be poorer if compressed. Time to put images on a website will be reduced. Music can lose some quality Time to access a website will be faster.Open to files being copied or downloaded quickly. More music on portable devices. Review

42. Image Manipulation Techniques Zoom Selection Transforming Sizing/enlarge/reduce size Crop Copying Moving Cloning Brush settings Layering Red-eye removal Spot clearing Skew Rotate Distortion Colour palette Contrast Brightness Text Blur ………