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Xenophobia The Red Scare (1919-1920) – fear of the Communist Revolution in Russia spreading leads to the jailing and deportation of Anarchist, Communists and Socialists- “Soviet Ark” The Red Scare (1919-1920) – fear of the Communist Revolution in Russia spreading leads to the jailing and deportation of Anarchist, Communists and Socialists- “Soviet Ark” Labor Movement suffers. Labor Movement suffers. Communism considered a foreign conspiracy- Ideas were Un-American. Communism considered a foreign conspiracy- Ideas were Un-American. KKK – 1 million KKK – 1 million
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Immigrants No Longer Welcome Immigrations Act of 1921- established a quota; 10% of the number of immigrants in 1910. Immigrations Act of 1921- established a quota; 10% of the number of immigrants in 1910. Immigrations Act of 1924- further restricted immigration; 2% of the number of immigrants in 1890 Immigrations Act of 1924- further restricted immigration; 2% of the number of immigrants in 1890
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“Silent Cal” Restores Credibility to the Presidency Calvin Coolidge- very honest; believer in laissez-faire economics. Andrew Mellon- Secretary of the Treasury; introduces trickle-down economics- tax cuts for the rich.
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Trickle Down Economics Today Between 1990 and 2004, the bottom 90% of the US population saw its average household income increase by 2%. It went up 57% for the top 1%. It went up 112% for the top.01%. 90% of Americans saw a 2% increase in income
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New Forms of Art & Entertainment Mass Culture Jazz – American Art Sports: Baseball Radio- Vaudeville Movies- Silent Films 1.Spreads common values, styles and tastes. 2.Creates new national heroes and stars.
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1920’s Economic Boom – Roaring 20’s Stock Market Booms – Bull Market (Bear) Buying Goods on Credit Installment plan: pay for goods over extended period with interest Some economists, business owners think installment buying excessive – Why? Future? – Who cares live for today!
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Revolution in Automobile Production – Assembly Line Henry Ford Model T – Assembly Line and installment plan make the car available to most. “When you build a factory, you build a temple.” Materialism is the new trend.
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The Lost Generation (US) - The Da Da Movement (Europe) Main Theme: Disillusionment F. Scott Fitzgerald: called the era the “Jazz Age” Great Gatsby: Showed the negative side of 1920s wealth Sinclair Lewis: Babbit; Against materialism Ernest Hemingway: A Farewell to Arms – questions glorification of war
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The Roaring 20’s The New Urban Scene 1922–1929, nearly 2 million people leave farms, towns each year 1922–1929, nearly 2 million people leave farms, towns each year Urban v. Rural - Clash of VALUES! Urban v. Rural - Clash of VALUES!
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The Noble Experiment 18th Amendment (1919): supported by religious groups, Rural South, West 18th Amendment (1919): supported by religious groups, Rural South, West Prohibition: production, sale, transportation of alcohol is illegal! Prohibition: production, sale, transportation of alcohol is illegal! Volstead Act (1919) Volstead Act (1919) Problem: Government does not budget enough money to enforce the law. Problem: Government does not budget enough money to enforce the law.
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Prohibition Ignored Speakeasies: hidden saloons, nightclubs – The “corner cop” Speakeasies: hidden saloons, nightclubs – The “corner cop” People distill liquor, buy prescription alcohol, “sacramental” wine People distill liquor, buy prescription alcohol, “sacramental” wine Bootlegging: illegal sale, manufacturing Bootlegging: illegal sale, manufacturing
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Rise of Organized Crime Al Capone: controls Chicago liquor business by killing competitors – St Valentines Day Massacre Al Capone: controls Chicago liquor business by killing competitors – St Valentines Day Massacre Corruption at EVERY level! Corruption at EVERY level! Mid-1920s: only 19% support Prohibition Mid-1920s: only 19% support Prohibition
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The Election of 1928 Herbert Hoover (R) Rural- from Iowa W.A.S.P. Dry Pro Big Business – Laissez Faire Al Smith (D) Urban- from NYC Irish-Catholic Wet Progressive- Gov’t Regulation
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