1. The Constitutional Convention Copy the following notes.

2. Government Types Government Types Dictatorship Monarchy Oligarchy Representative Democracy Direct Democracy Guess?? (K) Actual (L)

3. Articles of Confederation Notes

4. Quick Review Declaration of Independence Declaration of Independence Second Continental Congress Second Continental Congress Approved July 4, 1776 Approved July 4, 1776 The Articles of Confederation The Articles of Confederation 1777, our first constitution 1777, our first constitution Weak federal government Weak federal government Shay’s Rebellion, 1786-1787 Shay’s Rebellion, 1786-1787

5. The Constitutional Convention begins 1787 - Philadelphia 1787 - Philadelphia Delegates from all the states invited to a convention to improve the Articles of Confederation, which were not working Delegates from all the states invited to a convention to improve the Articles of Confederation, which were not working Only RI didn’t attend Only RI didn’t attend 55 Delegates attended 55 Delegates attended

6. Leaders of the Convention May 25, 1787 Independence Hall, Philadelphia An extraordinary group of men 55 men Well-educated George Washington was asked to preside (lead) over the convention. James Madison kept notes of the discussions and is often called “The Father of the Constitution.” The men who wrote the Constitution are called the “Founding Fathers.” All the participants in the Convention were wealthy, white, males.

7. Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin 81, oldest delegate 81, oldest delegate George Washington & James Madison George Washington & James Madison Both would become president Both would become president Thomas Jefferson & John Adams Thomas Jefferson & John Adams Both were in Europe Both were in Europe Patrick Henry Patrick Henry Prominent Virginian Prominent Virginian He was invited but did not attend; he was against the convention-- “smelled a rat” He was invited but did not attend; he was against the convention-- “smelled a rat” Leaders of the Convention The Boss

8. The Founding Fathers

9. Issues that divided the Nation’s leaders The power of the federal government. Would the states or the federal government have the most power? Representation in Congress (How many members on Congress would each state get? – small ( less populated )states wanted equal representation, large states (more populated) wanted it to be determined by population of the states Slavery – How would slaves be counted? Would the slave trade continue?

10. Procedures of the Convention Each state was only allowed one vote Each state was only allowed one vote Majority votes from all states made decisions Majority votes from all states made decisions All discussions were a secret! Why…? All discussions were a secret! Why…? This way, delegates could speak freely, without worry about how the public would react This way, delegates could speak freely, without worry about how the public would react Everyone knew that failure would mean disaster! Everyone knew that failure would mean disaster!

11. Two Opposing Plans VS. Virginia vs. New Jersey

12. James Madison Called for a new national government. Threw out the Articles of Confederation Three separate branches of government. – a legislative branch, executive branch, and judicial branch Bicameral legislature (2 houses), determined by population More populated states like the plan, small states don’t. The Virginia Plan

13. New Jersey Plan William Patterson 3 branches of government Legislature - has one house. Each state gets one vote. Small states like the plan, the large states hate it. There would have to be a compromise.

14. Two Opposing Plans What was the big issue? What was the big issue? How representation in Congress would be decided How representation in Congress would be decided Larger /more populated states wanted more power, smaller/less populated states wanted equal power Larger /more populated states wanted more power, smaller/less populated states wanted equal power

15. The Great Compromise A way of resolving disagreements in which each side gives up something but gains something else Roger Sherman of Connecticut came up with the answer…a compromise Legislature would have two houses (parts): House of Representatives and a Senate Bi Cameral House - based on the population of state 2 year terms Favored more populated states Senate - two senators per each state Equal representation 6 year terms Favored Less populated states

16. Slavery The Southern states refused to approve the Constitution unless slavery continued. At this time, there were 550,000 enslaved African Americans, mostly in the South It was a terrible compromise to make, but the Northern states had no choice if they wanted a Constitution. 3/5 Compromise - Made each slave worth 3/5 of a vote in deciding numbers in House of Representatives--Controversy over counting slaves as a part of the population… Congress can not ban the slave trade until 1808.

17. The Three-Fifths Compromise The conflict was finally resolved… The conflict was finally resolved… Three-Fifths Compromise Three-Fifths Compromise Every 5 enslaved persons would count as 3 free people Every 5 enslaved persons would count as 3 free people Used for representation in Congress & figuring taxes Used for representation in Congress & figuring taxes https://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=xBjMZ3u_ WeM

18. Another compromise How to elect a president? Some say… “Let Congress pick!” Others say… “Let the people choose!” The compromise… Electoral College A group of people would be chosen by each state to choose the President Each state given a certain number of votes, determined by their representation in Congress

19. Finished…finally! September 17, 1787, finished up the Constitution September 17, 1787, finished up the Constitution Delegates signed it, said the Constitution would become the law of the land when… Delegates signed it, said the Constitution would become the law of the land when… 9 out of 13 states ratified (approved) it 9 out of 13 states ratified (approved) it So everyone in the entire United States of America loved the Constitution and every state ratified it immediately and we all had a big party and we all lived happily ever after, right…? So everyone in the entire United States of America loved the Constitution and every state ratified it immediately and we all had a big party and we all lived happily ever after, right…?

20. Wrong!

21. A Divided Public Some people liked the Constitution, others did not Some people liked the Constitution, others did not Federalists = supporters of the new constitution & a strong federal government – Federalist Papers Federalists = supporters of the new constitution & a strong federal government – Federalist Papers Who wrote ‘em? Who wrote ‘em? Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, & John Jay Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, & John Jay Anti-Federalists=those against the constitution and a strong federal govt.– they wanted a Bill of Rights Anti-Federalists=those against the constitution and a strong federal govt.– they wanted a Bill of Rights Federalism = A form of government in which power is divided between the federal (national) government and the states Federalism = A form of government in which power is divided between the federal (national) government and the states

22. Reaching an Agreement Anti-Federalists wanted to add… Anti-Federalists wanted to add… The Bill of Rights The Bill of Rights The Federalists promised to do so, and did The Federalists promised to do so, and did New Hampshire, 9th state to ratify New Hampshire, 9th state to ratify June 21, 1788 June 21, 1788 The Constitution went into effect The Constitution went into effect The last state to ratify…? The last state to ratify…? Rhode Island, 1790 Rhode Island, 1790

23. Who:Hamilton, Madison, Jay Patrick Henry Central Government Strong: provide protection Weak : focus on states InterpretationLooseStrict Bill of RightsEventuallyWithout a doubt!!!! SupportersWealth/industrialcommon/farmers Power of President LotsLittle - no Kings! Federalists Anti-Federalists

24. 1. What is a form of government in which power is divided between the federal (national) government and the states? 2. What did the Anti-Federalists want to add to the Constitution? 3. Who was the father of the Constitution? 4. The Anti-Federalists thought that the supremacy gives too much power to whom? 5. What was one argument against the Constitution by the Anti-Federalists? 6. What was one argument for the Constitution by the Federalists? Out the Door Ticket