1. Balancing Liberty & Order (1753-1820)
U.S. History 101
Balancing Liberty & Order ( )

2. Election of 1796 Washington chose not to run for a 3rd term
John Adams – Federalist
Thomas Jefferson – Republican
Adams 71 electoral votes
Jefferson 68 electoral votes

3. John Adams’ Presidency
XYZ Affair
French agents demanded a bribe of $250,000
10 millions in loans
Lead to an undeclared Naval War
The Alien and Sedition Acts
Pushed measures to increase the size of the military
Higher Taxes
Arrest and deport citizens of other countries
From 5 years to 14 years to become a citizen
“false, scandalous, and malicious” speech against the Government

4. Federalists vs. Jeffersonian Republicans
Federalists (Hamilton)
Jeffersonian Republicans
Constitution
Loose construction
Strong central gov
Favored national bank
Strict construction
Weak central gov
Opposed national bank
National Debt
Use debt to establish credit
Pay off debt
Vision of America
Pro-business
Pro-agriculture
Political Power
With wealthy & educated
With the common man
Ally
Britain
France

5. Jefferson wins after 36 ballots in the House
“as real a revolution in the principles of our government as that of 1776 was in its form” - Jefferson
Nasty campaign
Jefferson wins after 36 ballots in the House
Importance: Peaceful transition of power
Led to passage of 12th Amendment

6. Jefferson’s Presidency
Reduced the amount of taxes paid to the Federal Government
Cut the size of the federal bureaucracy
Cut the size of the Army to 3000 men
Judiciary Acts circuit courts and 13 district courts
Judiciary Act Reduce the amount of Supreme Court Justices

7. Marbury v. Madison Adams filled judicial post with Federalist
Adams appointed John Marshall as Chief Justice
William Marbury justice of the peace for DC
Jefferson tried to deny appointments from Adams
Secretary of State James Madison never delivered the official papers giving Marbury his authority
Marbury sued Madison
Marshall declared part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional
Established “Judicial Review”

8. Louisiana Purchase 1803

9. Land Act of 1800:. Americans were able to buy land in small
Land Act of 1800: Americans were able to buy land in small parcels and on credit
Napoleon: French controlled the Mississippi River
Charged Americans to traders
James Monroe: Sent to Paris to purchase New Orleans for up to $10 million
Napoleon wanted to sell the Louisiana region for $15 million

10. Expedition led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark
There goal was to explore the new territory: Scientific and commercial
Left from St. Louis
Sacajawea: Shoshone Tribe and Interpreter
Demonstrated the possibility of overland travel to the Pacific Coast
Americans territory was destine to reach the West

11. Battle of Tippecanoe 11/7/1811
Tecumseh: Shawnee in the Indiana Territory
U.S. Government convinced a small population of Natives to sell of parts of their land
He protested to then Governor William Henry Harrison
Tenskwatawa attacked Harrison’s militia and soldiers of 1000 men.
Neither side won
Destroyed Native relations

12. War of 1812 1812-1814; U.S. vs. Britain & natives Causes
British support of Natives attacking U.S.
Anger over impressments
Embargo Act of 1807 – U.S. stops trading with all nations
Economic recession in America; Depression in Britain
Britain burns Washington, D.C.
Hartford Convention (1814) – New England threatens to secede
Treaty of Ghent (Dec. 1814) ends war.
Old boundaries restored.
Battle of New Orleans (Jan. 1815)
U.S. defeats British
Makes Andrew Jackson a national hero

13. Battle of Baltimore British bombardment of Fort McHenry
Francis Scott Keys
Star-Spangled Banner

14. By Gilbert Stuart

15. After the War Panic of 1819 – economic depression hits
Missouri Compromise (1820)