1. Quantitative Detection of Parkinson's Disease Symptoms Advisor: Dr. Anita Mahadevan-Jansen Faraz Ali James Lugge Ernest Moore Mahesh Parlikad

2. Dr. Anita Mahadevan-Jansen, PhD. Asst. Professor of Biomedical Engineering and Neurological Surgery Research: –Optical techniques for diagnosis of pathology –Fluorescence, Raman spectroscopy in cancer detection –optical techniques that use laser to discriminate between healthy and diseased tissue in neurosurgery

3. What is Parkinson’s Disease? Neurodegenerative disorder caused by damaged or dead dopamine-neurons in the substantia nigra Dopamine: neurotransmitter that carries information from neuron to neuron and eventually out to the muscles Brain no longer able to direct or control muscle movement in a normal manner. Half a million people every year are affected by Parkinson’s

4. Symptoms Tremor or trembling in hands, arms, legs, jaw, and face Rigidity or stiffness of the limbs and trunk Slowness of motor movements Postural instability or impaired balance and coordination Reduced blink rate of eyes Increased perspiration

6. Treatment Drugs: Levodopa/ L-Dopa Drugs designed to mimic dopamine effects or counteract acetylcholine effects Pallidotomy: Section of globus pallidus removed Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) : Implants stimulators that block brain signals causing rigidity, tremors and other symptoms

7. Quantitative Measurement of Symptoms Purpose: To be able to associate numerical values to a patient’s before and after treatment symptoms. Methods used currently are based on “touch and feel” and are subjective. We will concentrate on measuring Parkinson’s through three of its symptoms: –Reduced eye blinking –Muscle rigidity –Perspiration

8. Proposed Ideas Blink Rate Detector –Symptom of Parkinson’s: decreased blink rate –Means of detection: EOG Rigidity Detector –Symptom of Parkinson’s: hand and neck muscles tense –Means of detection: Strain gauge Diaphoresis Detector –Symptom of Parkinson’s: increased perspiration –Means of detection: Galvonic Skin Response Sensor Acetylcholine Detector –Symptom of Parkinson’s: hand and neck muscles contracted –Means of detection: invasive neurotransmitter detection

9. Reduced Eye Blinking Loss of automatic control is one of the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Reduced eye blinking is a feasible symptom that can be quantified by use of an electrooculargram (EOG).

10. Muscle Rigidity Detection Another symptom is rigid muscles which can occur in the limbs or neck. A strain gauge can be used to detect the alleviation of rigid muscles. Strain gauges can detect a change as low as 500με.

11. Methods of Strain Gauge Application Placement –Wrist –Neck Material Selection –Comfortable elastic –High sensitivity to small surface changes Output –Labview

12. Work Completed Meetings -Meeting with Dr. Kao Surgery Viewed -DBS procedure viewed over break Electrooculargram Work -Decided on method of detection Strain Gauge Work -Idea visited, more exploration to come

13. Work Completed Electrooculargram Work -Decided on method of detection -Acquired materials for this method Strain Gauge Work -Collaborated with Carrie Kerna on circuit design -Found suitable material for mounting of gauge

14. Additional Research Completed Meetings -Meeting with Dr. Kao -Meeting with Dr. Jansen Surgery Viewed -DBS procedure viewing Tested strain gauges at Mech E lab

15. Current Status Ongoing research online to find additional methods -Galvanic Skin Response Sensor Advisor Meetings Second DBS Viewing Completion of EOG Completion of either Strain Gauge or GSRS

16. Future Work Collaboration with Dr. Chris Kao Collaboration with Dr. Peter Conrad Remaining group members visit a Deep Brain Stimulation procedure Construct the two different designs Test and compare the two designs Compare the better method with competitors

17. Thank You Questions?Comments?Suggestions?