1. Parkinson’s Test Device Development Erin Sikkel and Tiffany Feltman

2. 3/21/2006Parkinson's Device Development2 Project Description Quantify ways in which Parkinson’s patients respond to stimulation Create a software program for use with a laptop computer that a doctor could bring to the clinic or operating room in which we have a patient use a joy-stick to track an object on the screen that moves around and measures the time it takes to follow that object around the screen. Able to output that timed response into an excel file

3. 3/21/2006Parkinson's Device Development3 Parkinson’s Disease A disorder of the brain that occurs when the neurons in the substantia nigra die or become slightly impaired. These neurons usually produce the chemical dopamine which allows for smooth, coordinated functioning of the muscles in the body. Some of the main symptoms are tremors, slowness of movement, rigidity, and difficulty with balance. These problems can lead to a deeper state of the disease which includes small handwriting, stiff facial expression, shuffling walk, muffled speech, which all lead to depression.

4. 3/21/2006Parkinson's Device Development4 Parkinson’s Disease Affects 1.5 million Americans Affected after the age of 65, but roughly 15% are diagnosed under the age of 50. According to these demographics, the market size for this project is great. The market size for this product would be high since it will give a greater insight into the brain stimulation and allow doctors and researchers to find out more about the disease and how to treat it.

5. 3/21/2006Parkinson's Device Development5 Current Diagnosis There are currently no lab tests to diagnose Parkinson’s disease yet A systematic neurological exam will include: Testing reflexes Muscle strength Coordination Balance Details of movement

6. 3/21/2006Parkinson's Device Development6 Primary Objective Create a device that is easier for people to use with motor disorders Have a device that is compatible with the software being used for diagnosis

7. 3/21/2006Parkinson's Device Development7 Problem Too confusing Too hard for the patient to use Atari 2600 joystick, the one we will be manipulating

8. 3/21/2006Parkinson's Device Development8 Atari Joystick This is the Atari joystick circuit that we will be manipulating. PC has only analogue joystick connector. This makes it impossible to connect a normal digital joystick to it. Thus with the Atari joystick, we will need to use an adapter circuit. This will allow us to use the Atari joystick with IBM PC joystick interface. The circuit will adapt the joystick connectors and then convert the digital joystick movement signals to analog signals

9. 3/21/2006Parkinson's Device Development9 Fitt’s Law It is a model of human psychomotor behavior It will measure the difficulty of the motor tasks, the index of performance, and the information capacity of the human motor system This will allow us to use a number method to diagnose Parkinson’s disease

10. 3/21/2006Parkinson's Device Development10 Fitt’s Law MT = a + b log 2 (2A/W + c) MT = movement time a and b = empirically determined constants that are device dependent c = a constant of 0, 0.5, or 1 A = the distance (amplitude) of movement from start to target center W = the width of the target, which corresponds to “Accuracy” The Index of Difficulty (ID) is: log 2 (2A/W + c) 1/b is the index of performance (IP) which measures the information capacity of the human motor system

11. 3/21/2006Parkinson's Device Development11 Fitt’s Law We will implement this law to help us determine the ratios and degrees to which we will quantify Parkinson’s Disease (current work)

12. 3/21/2006Parkinson's Device Development12 Shows the deep brain stimulator on and the repulsion task

13. 3/21/2006Parkinson's Device Development13 Shows the deep brain stimulator off and the repulsion task

14. 3/21/2006Parkinson's Device Development14 Tasks Underway Trying to set up a time to go in and observe Parkinson’s patients by talking with Dr. Konrad once we get together with the grad students Finalizing and discussing what should be done to make the modifications to the joystick to determine the best design for both the patients and the doctors Doing research into the circuit of the Atari joystick to make sure we are manipulating the right leads

15. 3/21/2006Parkinson's Device Development15 Proposed Hardware Atari Joystick previously explained Deciding on the best way to design the joystick –Continuation on decisions of how to make it easy to hold (knob) because it needs to be easy for patients with Parkinson’s as well as easy to understand for elderly patients –Decided to try to use 2 clamps to hold the joystick onto the table for the patient’s use. This will be tried once the joystick configuration is finished in 2 weeks –Adjusting and re-arranging the circuit right now to find a way to get rid of the resistance so that it doesn’t return to center

16. 3/21/2006Parkinson's Device Development16 Tasks Accomplished Received joystick on March 13, 2006 Group Meeting to start manipulations on the joystick on March 14, 2006 and to look over the circuit Group Meeting March 19, 2006 to discuss manipulations that need to be made Group Meeting March 20, 2006 to put together presentation

17. 3/21/2006Parkinson's Device Development17 Tasks to Accomplish Set up a meeting to discuss with Dr. Konrad our design ideas and determine which one would be the best for the patients as well as the doctors Finalize the modifications to the circuit and the joysticks hardware Set up a time to go into Dr. Konrad’s office to work with patients Restructuring Oral Presentation 4 – talking to the graduate students to try to get a screen shot of how the program will work or a video Still working to get some data for Fitt’s law to present Set up a meeting with the graduate students to try using our joystick with their program