1. Kelsie Chasan Gianni Grasso

2.  7-10 million diagnosed  60,000 diagnosed each year  Majority over 50 years old  Men more likely

3.  Nervous system  Neurons in the brain  Spinal cord  Central nervous system  Substania Nigra  Where dopamine / acetylcholine are located  Neurons die off causes less dopamine made  Dopamine lost / damaged  Control movements in body  D2 receptor

4.  Tremor  Bradykinesia  Small handwriting  Masked face  No arm swim during gait  Small strides  Muscle freezing  Rigidity

5.  Severe Parkinson's Severe Parkinson'sProgressive Stages

6.  Slow movement  Decrease of speed  Muscles freeze over time  Stopping during ADL’s  Muscle weakness  Slow unconscious movements  Blinking, facial expressions  Poker Face  Can be impossible to swallow

7.  To do daily activities  To prevent injuries  Examples  Falling  Walking  Running  Balance P= F x V

8.  Deep Brain Stimulation  Surgical procedure  Treats tremor and dystonia  Sends stimulation to brain  Blocks abnormal nerve cycles

10.  L-Dopa  Levodopa  Pill that replaces lost dopamine  Loses effect over time  Carbidopa  Prevents enzymes from destroying L-Dopa  Artane / Cogentin  Medicine that counteracts acetylcholine  Exercise!

11. High Speed Exercise

12. 5 min warm up/pre test 20 min intermittent cycling session Modified squats Calf raises Wall Push-ups Step test 5 min cool down/post test 40 minutes 2 x week for 3 months

13.  4 minutes  Gradual intensity  1 minute  Rest  Pretest/Posttest  Analyze movements  Heart rate/blood pressure

14.  10 modified squats  Hold a bar and have chair underneath  10 calf raises  10 wall push-ups  30 sec. step-up

15. CYCLING  Posture  Reciprocal movements  Promote neuroprotective effects  Reinforce neuronal circuits OTHER EXERCISES  Reduce freezing of muscles  Help maintain muscle mass  Posture Increase Power!

16.  Preventing falling  Balance issues  Number 1 priority  Hand grip  To get accurate heart rate  Getting on / off bike

17.  Bradykinesia can eventually make it impossible to swallow?  True / False  What are the two neurotransmitters that cause movement in the body?  A cool down is essential for people with Parkinson’s.  True / False  L-Dopa does NOT lose effect over time.  True / False  ____ are more likely to have PD?  Men / Women

18.  http://www.parkinson.org/parkinson-s-disease/pd-101/10-early-warning-signs-of- parkinson-s-disease http://www.parkinson.org/parkinson-s-disease/pd-101/10-early-warning-signs-of- parkinson-s-disease  http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/parkinsons-disease/basics/definition/con- 20028488 http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/parkinsons-disease/basics/definition/con- 20028488  http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/parkinsons_disease/parkinsons_disease.htm http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/parkinsons_disease/parkinsons_disease.htm  http://www.pdf.org/en/exercise http://www.pdf.org/en/exercise  http://pdcenter.neurology.ucsf.edu/patients-guide/exercise-and-physical- therapy#Is_there_any_value_in_strength_training_ http://pdcenter.neurology.ucsf.edu/patients-guide/exercise-and-physical- therapy#Is_there_any_value_in_strength_training_  http://www.kaahe.org/health/en/95-parkinson-s-disease/95-4-parkinson-s-disease- treatment.html http://www.kaahe.org/health/en/95-parkinson-s-disease/95-4-parkinson-s-disease- treatment.html  http://brain.oxfordjournals.org/content/124/11/2131.full http://brain.oxfordjournals.org/content/124/11/2131.full  http://www.parkinson.org/parkinson-s-disease/treatment/surgical-treatment- options/deep-brain-stimulation http://www.parkinson.org/parkinson-s-disease/treatment/surgical-treatment- options/deep-brain-stimulation  Nadeau, A., Pourcher, E., & Corbeil, P. (2013). Effects of 24 wk Treadmill Training on Gait Performance in Parkinson's Disease. Clinical Sciences, 645-655.