1. Systematic Anatomy 主讲：李文春 down

2. Introduction 一、 Concept and division Human Anatomy is the science which deals with the gross morphology and spatial interrelations of the structure of the body.For medical students, human anatomy is the basic course of preclinical and clinical curriculum. down Up

3. systematic anatomy macroanatomy regional anatomy histology microanatomy cytology embryology surgical anatomy surface anatomy X-ray anatomy sectional anatomy locomotive anatomy human anatomy （ division ） down Up

4. Digestive system systematic anatomy regional anatomy down Up

5. skin Histology Embryology down Up

6. surgical anatomysurface anatomy down Up

7. X-ray anatomy sectional anatomy down Up

8. locomotive anatomy down Up

9. 四、 The parts and systems of the body Ⅰ. the human body is divided into ten parts. the heat the neck the thorax the back the abdomen the pelvis and perineum the upper limbs the lower limbs down Up

10. Locomotor system Alimentary ( Digestive) system Respiratory system Urinary system Reproductive system Endocrine system Circulatory system Sense organs Nervous system Ⅱ. There are nine systems in human body down Up

11. 五、 The anatomical position,terms of direction, axis and planes down Up Ⅰ. The anatomical position

12. Ⅱ. The terms of direction Superior and inferior Anterior and posterior (ventral) and ( dorsal) Medial and lateral Internal and external Superficial and profundal Proximal and distal Ulnar and radial Tibial and fibular down Up

13. Ⅲ. The axis and planes vertical axis axis sagittal axis frontal axis sagittal plane side frontal plane horizontal plane vertical axis sagittal axis frontal axis down Up

14. 运 动 系 统 Locomotor system down Up

15. The locomotor system consists of bones, joints and muscles origin belly tendon insertion down Up

16. Chapter 1 Osteology (The bone system) According to the location of the bones, it can be divided into skull, bones of trunk, bones of limbs.The former two form the axial bone Section 1 The general description down Up

17. 一、 The shape and classification of the bones long bones short bones flat bones irregular bones down Up

18. 1.long bones are found in limbs, it consists of a body and two ends. Medullary cavity Epiphysis Epiphysial cartilage down Up

19. 2.short bones the short bones distribute in wrist and foot. down Up

20. 3.flat bones they distribute in skull and chest. down Up

21. 4.irregular bones the irregular bones are greatly varied in shape, such as cranial bones and vertebrae. sinus down Up

22. 二、 the structure of bones The living bones consist of bony substance, periosteum and bone marrow. periosteum Bony substance Bone marrow down Up

23. 1.bony substance ： (1)Compact bone: 坚实致密，配布于骨表面。 (2)Spongy bone ： 呈海绵状，配布于骨的内 部，由骨小梁组成。 down Up

24. 2.periosteum It covers the surface of the bone (except the articular part),it consists of two layers : an outer and an inner membrane. The periosteum abounds with blood vessels, nerves and lymphatic vessels, the inner layer has a lot of bone forming cells. down Up

25. 3.bone marrow: bone marrow is found in the medullary cavities of long bones and within spaces in spongy bone. There are two kinds of bone marrow, red and yellow. Under 5 years old, there are all red marrow in the medullary cavity, but after 5 years old the red marrow can turn into yellow marrow. Red marrow Yellow marrow down Up

26. 三、 The chemical composition and physical properties of bone organic inorganic Living bones are plastic tissues with organic and inorganic. down Up

27. Section 2 The axial bone 一、 The bones of trunk The bones of trunk include the vertebrae,the sternum and the ribs,which provide framework for the vertebral column, the thoracic cage and the pelvis. down Up

28. ( 一） The vertebrae In a child,the normal number the separate vertebrae is 32 or 33. Cervical vertebrae: C 7 Thoracic vertebrae:T 12 Lumbar vertebrae: L 5 Sacral vertebrae: S 5 Coccygeal vertebrae: Co 3~4 down Up

29. 1.The general features of the vertebrae vertebral body vertebral foramen vertebral canal vertebral arch pedicle of vertebral arch intervertebral foramen laminae of vertebral arch spinous process Seven processes transverse processes articular processes down Up

30. 2.The main characteristics of vertebrae in each region (1) Thoracic vertebrae ① the body is heart-shaped. ② costal fovea. ③ articular facets of articular processes are relatively vertical. ④ the spinous process are long and downward sloping down Up

31. 2.The main characteristics of vertebrae in each region (2) Cervical vertebrae ① the body is small. ② articular facets of articular processes are relatively horizontal. ③ vertebral foramen is large and is nearly triangular. ④ they are the transverse formen. ⑤ the spinous process are short and bifid. down Up

32. 2.The main characteristics of vertebrae in each region (2) Cervical vertebrae ⑥ the first cervical vertebrae is known as atlas. ⑦ the second cervical vertebrae is known as axis. ⑧ the seventh cervical vertebrae is known as vertebra prominens. down Up

33. 2.The main characteristics of vertebrae in each region (3) Lumbar vertebrae ① the body is large. ② vertebral foramen is triangular. ③ articular facets of articular processes are almost sagittal. ④ the spinous process are strong,short, square and horizontal. down Up

34. 2.The main characteristics of vertebrae in each region (4) The sacrum promontory anterior sacral foramina sacral hiatus sacral cornu (5) The coccyx down Up

35. ( 二） The sternum It consists of three parts, the manubrium, body and xiphoid process sternal angle down Up

36. ( 三） The ribs(costae) A rib consists of the costal bone and costal cartilage. true ribs: 1~7 false ribs: 8~12 costal arch: 8~10 floating ribs: 11~12 down Up

37. ( 三） The ribs(costae) costal bone costal heat costal neck costal tubercle shaft of rib costal angle costal groove costal cartilage. down Up