1. A complex sentence consists of an independent clause (a full sentence with a subject and a verb) and one or more dependent clauses (a phrase that cannot stand on its own). Using a subordinating conjunction (because, although, if, when, since, while, after, once, etc.) creates a dependent clause. Using a relative pronoun (who, whom, that, or which) also creates a dependent clause. You do not use semicolons to form complex sentences. Complex Sentence Examples: Once the play started, we were not allowed to talk. He was upset about his toy because it was broken. After I finished my test, I waited in the library for Mark and Sarah. Comma Rules: If the independent clause comes first and the dependent clause second, you DO NOT need a comma. You will do much better if you study for the test. If the dependent clause comes first and the independent clause second, you DO need a comma. If you study for the test, you will do much better.

2. Directions: Write the following sentences on your own paper. Put a box around the independent clause, and draw a line under the dependent clause. Circle the subordinating conjunction. Use your Sentence Structures handout to help you! 1.Even though the nine weeks is almost over, I still need to work on improving my grade. 2.Melanie looked after my dog while I was away on vacation. 3.Linda will lend you the book when she has finished it. 4.Although they are 250 miles apart, they keep in constant contact due to the Internet.

3. Directions: Write the following sentences on your own paper. Put a box around the independent clause, and draw a line under the dependent clause. Circle the subordinating conjunction. Use your Sentence Structures handout to help you! 1.Even though the nine weeks is almost over, I still need to work on improving my grade. 2.Melanie looked after my dog while I was away on vacation. 3.Linda will lend you the book when she has finished it. 4.Although they are 250 miles apart, they keep in constant contact due to the Internet.

4. Crossover Short Answer A comparison / contrast of two texts either in characterization or theme If the prompt refers to two different texts, your thesis, evidence, and analysis should refer to both pieces. You will need two pieces of evidence instead of one (minimum one quote from each selection!). When quoting your evidence, be sure to address the title of the piece since there are two possibilities.

5. Organizational Options Option Two: Thesis (addressing both texts) Blended evidence from text 1 Blended evidence for text 2 Analysis for both texts Significant Connection Option One: Thesis (addressing both texts) Blended evidence from text 1 Analysis Blended evidence for text 2 Analysis Significant Connection If you are contrasting (showing the differences), option 1 is often the best choice. However, if you are comparing the two texts (focusing on similarities), option 2 works well.

6. General Short Answer Reminders Look to see how the title of the story is written in the question. Is it in quotation marks or italicized? You need to copy how it is written in the question. (If the title is italicized in the question, you underline it.) Do not put any direct quotes in your first sentence. Your thesis should have your answer in all of your own words! Make sure you actually answer the question in the first sentence. When you pull text evidence, make sure that it is seamlessly blended into a sentence of your own creation. There should not be any awkward transitions or dropped quotes. There is such a thing as TOO MUCH text evidence. Don’t just summarize the entire story with quotes. Your analysis should be primarily your own words!

8. How does the Penelope in the Dorothy Parker poem compare to the Penelope in the Odyssey? Use evidence from both texts to support your answer. Penelope By Dorothy Parker In the pathway of the sun, In the footsteps of the breeze, Where the world and the sky are one, He shall ride the silver seas. He shall cut the glittering wave. I shall sit at home, and rock; Rise, to heed a neighbor’s knock; Brew my tea, and snip my thread; Bleach the linen for my bed. They will call him brave.

9. Do you appreciate bravery that does not require facing physical danger? How is the last line of the poem ironic? The power of the poem derives from its understatement. Do you think the understatement is effective in revealing the suffering that Penelope endured during her husband’s long absence? Understatement – a figure of speech in which the writer says lessens or minimizes the importance of what is meant For example, if you were in a desert where the temperature was 125 degrees, and you described the thermal conditions by saying "It's a little warm today."

10. Prompt: How does the characterization of Penelope in the Odyssey compare to the Penelope portrayed in Dorothy Parker’s poem? Explain your answer and support it with evidence from both selections.

11. The characterization of Penelope in the Odyssey is similar to the Penelope portrayed in Dorothy Parker’s poem because both women are underappreciated for their bravery. In the Odyssey, Odysseus chastises his wife for being standoffish even though she has had to “arm [herself] long ago against the frauds of men,” which reveals her perseverance. Similarly, in Parker’s poem, Penelope “sit[s] at home, and rock[s]” and continues her normal routine of chores, yet people “will call [Odysseus] brave.” Even though the Penelope in both poems has not had to face physical dangers, she is still courageous in her efforts to both stay faithful to her husband and guard her heart against doubt. For twenty years Penelope has faced life as a single parent to her son, and yet she does not receive any affirmation from those around her for her dedication to her family. Even though the myth of Penelope has been around for over a millennium, her quiet spirit echoes the underappreciated bravery of many women still today.

12. How is the portrayal of Calypso in the Odyssey different than her portrayal in the song, “Calypso”? Explain your answer and support it with evidence from both selections. Homework – Due Tuesday, Oct. 14

13. My name is Calypso And I have lived alone I live on an island And I waken to the dawn A long time ago I watched him struggle with the sea I knew that he was drowning And I brought him into me Now today Come morning light He sails away After one last night I let him go. My name is Calypso My garden overflows Thick and wild and hidden Is the sweetness there that grows My hair it blows long As I sing into the wind My name is Calypso And I have lived alone I live on an island I tell of nights Where I could taste the salt on his skin Salt of the waves And of tears And though he, pulled away I kept him here for years Now I let him go My name is Calypso I have let him go In the dawn he sails away To be gone forever more And the waves will take him in again But he'll know their ways now I will stand upon the shore With a clean heart And my song in the wind The sand will sting my feet And the sky will burn It's a lonely time ahead I do not ask him to return I let him go I let him go