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Published byBeverly Hoover Modified over 9 years ago
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ENZYMES and Activation Energy OR: Why don’t you burn up in flames when you eat!
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What is Energy? Energy is the ability to cause matter to move or change. All life processes are driven by energy Where does all energy come from?
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Chemical Reactions When bonds are broken and reformed to make different substances. EX: ReactantsProducts C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O
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What is Metabolism? Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions in your body - Metabolism is basically two components Literally, you are what you eat! 1.Breaking down foods for energy 2.Building new compounds to make you
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What is needed to start a reaction? Energy absorbed Activation energy reactant Products Energy released
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What is a Catalyst? A catalyst is anything that lowers activation energy There are basically two kinds: 1. Organic 2. Inorganic Organic catalysts are called Enzymes
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Why is the activation energy lower? Energy absorbed Energy released reactant Products Activation energy
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Energy absorbed Energy released Reactant Products Comparing Reactions Which line would represent a reaction without an enzyme present? With an enzyme present?
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How Do Enzymes Work? Enzymes work like a lock and key. Specific enzymes work with specific substrates. enzyme substrate
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How Do Enzymes Work? Each substrate fits into the enzyme’s active site. Then the enzyme controls chemical reaction.
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Induced Fit The reactant an enzyme acts on is called the substrate –Enzyme binds to substrate at the active site to initiate rxn
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Enzymes aren’t used up Enzymes are not changed by the reaction –used only temporarily –re-used again for the same reaction with other molecules –very little enzyme needed to help in many reactions enzyme substrateproduct active site
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Enzymes can be affected by: Temperature: pH: Concentration: 037591113 Neutral Battery AcidBleachBlood (7.5)
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Order of amino acids Wrong order = wrong shape = can’t do its job! DNA chain of amino acids folded protein right shape! wrong shape!
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Temperature Effect on rates of enzyme activity –Optimum temperature greatest number of collisions between enzyme & substrate human enzymes –35°- 40°C (body temp = 37°C) –Raise temperature (boiling) denature protein = unfold = lose shape –Lower temperature T° molecules move slower fewer collisions between enzyme & substrate
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37° Temperature temperature reaction rate What’s happening here?! human enzymes
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How do cold-blooded creatures do it?
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pH Effect on rates of enzyme activity –changes in pH changes protein shape –most human enzymes = pH 6-8 depends on where in body pepsin (stomach) = pH 3 trypsin (small intestines) = pH 8
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7 pH reaction rate 20134568910 stomach pepsin intestines trypsin What’s happening here?! 11121314
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Concentration Concentration is how much of something there is in a particular area. Rate is how fast a reaction occurs.
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Increasing enzyme concentration
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ATP stores Energy ATP is the special carrier molecule that stores energy available for cell use. ATP is the energy currency of the cell; the energy source for all cell functions. ATP ADP P P energy
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